Free Essays on Santeria

CUBAN SANTERIA Santeria, which truly implies, ‘way of the saints’, started in Cuba. Santeria is viewed as an Afro-Cuban religion. It has establishes in Africa, explicitly the Yoruba individuals in southwestern Nigeria. At the point when Africans were brought to the New World as slaves, they carried with them their Yoruba strict conventions (Nunez: 3). Slave proprietors constrained them to surrender their convictions and convert to Christianity. Notwithstanding, the slaves continued and figured out how to shroud their convictions with the presentation of Catholicism in Cuba in 1517. They masked their gods behind the pictures of Catholic holy people so no doubt they were appealing to the holy people, yet were really going to their divine beings. The mystery of rehearsing rituals, supplications, and ceremonies has then gotten innate in Santeria. Convictions in respecting precursors and the gods and living in offset with the powers of nature are portions of Santeria standards. Santeria is a syncretic religion conceived from the combination of Catholicism and Yoruba religion. In Santeria, the holy people and the relating orishas are very much the same. In spite of the fact that it contains components of the two religions, Santeria is totally different from it is possible that one that it is viewed as a different religion with its own personality and indigenous to Cuba. All through time, the religion has spread into various pieces of the world and has confronted a couple of difficulties, yet at the same time stays steady in light of its versatile nature. Love ASHE Ashe is crude enormous vitality or an essential power. Actually, it implies, â€Å"so be it† (Gonzalez-Wippler 1989: 5). It is the celestial force that Oloddumare (God) used to make the universe. All ashe is coordinated to Oloddumare. Ashe is a generative force natural no matter what (Mason: 123). Ashe is the food of life. All summons, customs, contributions, functions, supplications, and enchantment are performed to get ashe from the holy people (Gonzalez-Wippler 1989: 5). The universe is moved by ashe.... Free Essays on Santeria Free Essays on Santeria CUBAN SANTERIA Santeria, which truly implies, ‘way of the saints’, began in Cuba. Santeria is viewed as an Afro-Cuban religion. It has establishes in Africa, explicitly the Yoruba individuals in southwestern Nigeria. At the point when Africans were brought to the New World as slaves, they carried with them their Yoruba strict customs (Nunez: 3). Slave proprietors constrained them to surrender their convictions and convert to Christianity. In any case, the slaves endured and figured out how to conceal their convictions with the presentation of Catholicism in Cuba in 1517. They camouflaged their gods behind the pictures of Catholic holy people so no doubt they were petitioning the holy people, however were really appealing to their divine beings. The mystery of rehearsing rituals, supplications, and ceremonies has then gotten inborn in Santeria. Convictions in regarding progenitors and the gods and living in offset with the powers of nature are portions of Santeria standards. Santeria is a syncretic religion conceived from the combination of Catholicism and Yoruba religion. In Santeria, the holy people and the relating orishas are very much the same. Despite the fact that it contains components of the two religions, Santeria is altogether different from possibly one that it is viewed as a different religion with its own character and indigenous to Cuba. All through time, the religion has spread into various pieces of the world and has confronted a couple of difficulties, yet at the same time stays steady due to its versatile nature. Love ASHE Ashe is crude infinite vitality or an essential power. Truly, it implies, â€Å"so be it† (Gonzalez-Wippler 1989: 5). It is the celestial force that Oloddumare (God) used to make the universe. All ashe is coordinated to Oloddumare. Ashe is a generative force innate in every way (Mason: 123). Ashe is the food of life. All summons, customs, contributions, functions, supplications, and enchantment are performed to get ashe from the holy people (Gonzalez-Wippler 1989: 5). The universe is moved by ashe....

The concept of elasticity is defined as the percentage Free Essays

The arched state of the creation plausibility limit is gotten from the guideline of chance expense. The creation probability limit characterizes the greatest creation capability of an economy given its asset and innovation requirements. The open door cost is characterized as loss of financial worth that could have been picked up if assets had been put resources into another option. We will compose a custom article test on The idea of versatility is characterized as the rate or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Subsequently, the open door cost is an indispensable part of the creation plausibility limit as far as the amount of one item can be delivered given its chance expense. The raised state of the creation plausibility limit implies that as the economy delivers a greater amount of one great, its chance cost rises. Thus, less amounts of that great can be delivered. At the end of the day, a greater amount of the other great must be yielded. This is on the grounds that, because of being driven by asset and innovation requirements, the economy is in the ideal situation of delivering a specific amount of every classification of products. Past that point, the open door cost of delivering one great rather than another keeps on ascending as it requires expanding asset and innovation ventures. Step by step instructions to refer to The idea of versatility is characterized as the rate, Papers

Qualities of a Term Paper Written by a Student

Qualities of a Term Paper Written by a StudentA term paper written by a student is one of the most important documents for them to read. Term papers are based on a topic that a student may want to write about. It's a time to create an understanding of that topic and how it applies to that student.Every student wants to have a term paper written for them. So, when they are searching for the right paper for them, they have to choose carefully. The usual way to do this is to look up a school that can offer these kinds of things for their students. Most likely, you will find these things with the help of the Internet. It's true that there are tons of online schools that can offer these things.However, there are those who will make it easy for their students to achieve what they want. This means that the choice is yours. You can search for schools or universities that you think are suitable. In fact, there are some websites which will provide you with recommendations regarding this matter .When looking for the best term paper writing course, make sure that it has a good reputation among teachers. What's more, the course should have a decent success rate, meaning that it should be a very effective tool for you to use.Since there are some companies that will provide you with the resources that you need to finish your term paper, you should definitely check this out before you enroll for it. These resources will help you enhance your writing skills and can even enhance your grades.What's more, the resources provided by these companies can also help you get a better grade when it comes to your term paper. This is what you should look for when it comes to choosing the right type of paper.With all these things in mind, you will have to look for a course that has a good reputation. You will also want to have the right amount of money needed to finish the term paper. When all of these things are set, you will have a chance to start writing your term paper in just a short per iod of time.

Subway Business Plan - 822 Words

To:, As part of our evaluation of your application, please carefully answer the following ten questions. If you have partners that will be on the franchise agreement, please have them answer these questions too. All answers and information you provide will be held in strict confidence. 1) Have you ever owned a business before? If so, how many units? Also, please tell us more about your professional background and education. Please include a current resume or CV. -CV Attached 2) Provide a detailed description of how you see yourself as a SUBWAY franchisee. List your duties and responsibilities, both short-term and long-range. -As a subway franchisee I do not see myself as a business owner but as a member of a team that†¦show more content†¦-Check background Information, refrences and credentials as well as criminal history. - we need to pursue every avenue to assure that the people we hire can do the job, contribute to our growth and development, and have no past transgressions which might endanger our current workforce. - One key factor in employee motivation and retention is the opportunity employees want to continue to grow and develop job and career enhancing skills. In fact, this opportunity to continue to grow and develop through training and development is one of the most important factors in employee motivation - Expand the job to include new, higher level responsibilities. - Reassign responsibilities that the employee does not like or that are routine. - Provide more authority for the employees to self-manage and make decisions.-Invite the employees to contribute to more important department or company-wide decisions and planning.-Provide more access to important and desirable meetings.-Provide more information by including the employee on specific mailing lists, in company briefings, and in our confidence.-Provide more opportunity to establish goals, priorities, and measurements.-Assign the employee to head up projects or teams.-Provide the opportunity for the employee to cross-train in other roles and responsibilities. - Enable the employee to attend an internally offered training session. 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A Good Sheep Are Law Obeying Citizens Essay - 920 Words

125- Word Essay Some man are stronger then others. They are born into ruling over others becoming the shepherd over the sheep. A good sheep are law obeying citizens. This brings good things to come when the sheep is peaceful and hard working for the shepherd. The shepherd allows the sheep to have food and shelter, so they can work hard. This shows that all men are not created equal. Are action are benefitting or harming others all the time. But, if that is true how can justice be define as helping friends and harming no one. In the geek time people wanted to do what the gods do, which is misbehaving. (Killing, Rapping) The unraveling of Geek-sociality. We can see this happening in the US in present time. The sophists offered young wealthy Greek men an education in aretÄ“ (virtue or excellence), thereby attaining wealth and fame. If we lives in a unjust world if could led to violence. To love something is to lack it (needs, wants, desires). Someone can desire to be like a certain person. It is what you lack, that is what you desire. For example, a men could be the biggest Red Sock fan but can t even hit a ball. A philosopher doesn’t give a hoot about money and honor. Love wisdom. 600-800 Word Essay Aristotle was the student of Plato. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were the three thinkers that formed the cornerstone of Western philosophy. The physician s art was a craft that was usually passed from one generation to another. So, Nicomachus, Aristotle fathers, wasShow MoreRelatedThe Google Self-Driving Automobile2408 Words   |  10 PagesThe Google Self-Driving Automobile In 2010, Google broadcasted that they created an archetype of a car that can drive itself; its purpose, to avert collisions, allow citizens more time, and cut down on harmful pollutants that vehicles produce (Poczter Jankovic, 2014). The heart of the self-driving automobile is lasers that are mounted on the roof of a modified Toyota Prius that produces a precise three-dimensional atlas of the area surrounding the car. Furthermore, the automobile is outfitted withRead MoreUt Unum Sint25504 Words   |  103 Pagesovercome in the total gift of self for the sake of the Gospel. lt;Christ calls all his disciples to unitygt;. My earnest desire is to renew this call today, to propose it once more with determination, repeating what I said at the Roman Colosseum on Good Friday 1994, at the end of the meditation on the lt;Via Crucesgt; prepared by my Venerable Brother Bartholomew, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. There I stated that believers in Christ, united in following in the footsteps of the martyrsRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesreasoning has been enjoyable for me, but special thanks go to my children, Joshua, 8, and Justine, 3, for comic relief during the months of writing. This book is dedicated to them. For the 2012 edition: This book is dedicated to my wife Hellan whose good advice has improved the book in many ways. vi Table of Contents Preface.........................................................................................................................................................iii CopyrightRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesRogers’ pithy observation: â€Å"Common sense ain t common.† In addition, the research reported in the Introduction suggests that, in many cases, managers’ â€Å"common sense† isn’t â€Å"good sense.† The premise of this book and associated course is that the key to effective management practice is practicing what effective managers—those with â€Å"good sense†Ã¢â‚¬â€do consistently. Reason #2: It is consistent with proven principles of effective teaching and learning. A seasoned university professor advised a young colleague

Reflection on My Fair Lady Movie free essay sample

â€Å"Personality is the glitter that sends your little gleam across the footlights and the orchestra pit into that big black space where the audience is. † -Mae West The personality is the typical pattern of thinking, feeling, and behavior that make a person unique. Whatever you think, act and speak reflects your personality. Having a â€Å"duchess† personality catches the attention of many. When we say that someone has the qualities of being a duchess, we mean that they are loved, likeable, interesting and pleasant to be with. What are the qualities ladies need to possess in having a â€Å"duchess† personality? A woman with knowledge, wit, sense of humor, style, feminine demeanor and manners, hygiene, subtlety, modesty and humility make her a lady with pleasing personality. Furthermore, a woman with elegance turns out more to be a woman of â€Å"duchess† personality. Being elegant is being feminine and classy in her voice, movement and body language, manner of speech, the way she stands and sits, and responds to other people around her. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection on My Fair Lady Movie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Every lady can be a â€Å"duchess† if we just try to work hard to improve our personality. We can be like Eliza Doolittle of â€Å"My Fair Lady† who fought her incompetency in the manner on how she act, dress, and speak. She devoted her precious time in practicing words and phrases that are hard for her to pronounce accurately and also in correcting her very thick cockney accent. Her willingness to learn had helped her to behave with proper mannerisms just like the other royalties. This only means that a woman with poor personality can be transformed into a â€Å"duchess† personality through perseverance, effort and hardwork. Everybody has an equal chance to develop ourselves and to prove that we can do better in the future. I admire the character of Eliza for this. Her status in life, job as a flower girl or flower seller, and her cockney mannerisms and moralities did not hinder her from turning into a lady of elegance. All ladies can be like her. A woman can possibly transform her personality to a better and finer one. To do this, she must have enough courage, determination, willingness and perseverance. Read, explore and expand your knowledge. This will help in acquiring new stuff and lessons on personality transformation. Meet new people to discover others’ perspective and expand your horizons. If possible, ask help from a friend/expert to teach you in personality development. Staying positive in times of failures also helps. Most importantly, be goal-directed and believe in yourself that you can achieve this. As what Bruce Lee quoted, â€Å"Always be yourself, express yourself, have faith in yourself, do not go out and look for a successful personality and duplicate it. † Everyone wants to be attractive to others. To that end, having a good personality is vital probably even more so than good looks. We humans have the power and ability to shape our personalities however we wish. This will be helpful in career growth, health, good relationships, and personal life.

Main Pitfalls of Learning a Second Language Writing System

Second language systems like Arabic, Chinese, Korean, Thai, Japanese, Greek and Russian all have different alphabets. Learning the alphabet is the first step in learning to read and write in these languages. As if learning a new language werent difficult enough, the process is made more complicated by having to learn a new writing system on top of it. Here are some of the main challenges of mastering a new alphabet system: Understanding phonetics Of course, there will always be a tendency to try to make things sound like the language youre most familiar with. But in many alphabets, the sounds youll be encountering will be totally different from English sounds. Did you know that the â€Å"th† sound is unique to the English language and challenging for people learning English to pronounce? Likewise, many sounds in other languages will be difficult for you to grasp at first. Dont be frustrated if you cant get a sound right on the first try. Intonation and accent take time to build. Keep at it and youll get better. Understanding the logic The English alphabet, also known as the Roman alphabet, is about sounds, not about symbols. The letters are building blocks to create a word and usually have no meaning unto themselves. But not all writing systems have the same logic. In fact, for many other language systems, the letters of the alphabet are symbols that stand for something on their own. By looking at the alphabet as a phonetic building block, you miss the logic of the other language which is to use symbols to build meaning. In Chinese, which is a language based on symbols, you cant pronounce a word if you dont understand its meaning. In English, however, you can sound a word out based on the letters without having any clue what the word means. Dont try to apply the logic of the Roman alphabet to a different writing system. Learn its logic in order to understand the language. Identifying different fonts Just like in English, youll have to learn to identify writing in different fonts and styles. Handwriting will be different from printed text and there will be variations of printed text as well. Think about cursive writing, capitalization and the thousands of different printed fonts that any English reader can easily identify. However, a young child who has only just learned to write the alphabet wouldnt be able to identify a letter written in cursive. Other languages will offer this same challenge. In addition, some languages have different writing systems. Japanese, for example, has three writing systems which are all distinct from each other. The best way to learn these various writing styles and fonts is to expose yourself to all of the different styles of writing that exist in a language so that youre not confused when faced with a different style. Learning to write Reading is one thing. Writing is another. Everyone remembers that phase when they were learning to write the alphabet. How it was a painstaking process that was much more akin to drawing the letters than to writing them. Over time, it became more natural. Now, youre in a phase where youre learning not only what the letters of the new alphabet look like, but how to write them. Some languages, like Hebrew and Arabic are written from right to left. If you try to write these languages from left to right, it will hardly be legible. Imagine if someone tried to write a sentence in English by writing all the words backwards. It would look strange and awkward. All languages have a specific way to write their characters and letters. Learn the order of the pen-strokes and the direction correctly so that your handwriting will be readable. Attitude is everything The biggest reason people fail to learn is that they give up too easily. Its not that the language is too hard or too impossible or too different. Anyone is capable of learning anything as long as they dedicate themselves to it. Get through the slow awkward phase, realize that its different than when you were learning to read English as a child and focus on small triumphs. Maybe you could recognize a word written in different fonts or you were able to read a whole sentence out loud without pausing. Celebrate these milestones and keep working at it.

Japanese Expressions about Dating

Japanese Expressions about Dating Phrase of the Day is a mind exercise. This months phrases are for dating! All phrases are quite casual. Please use only as a mind exercise (talk to yourself) just like the previous phrases, or use with a close friend. You might hear these expressions more on TV, anime or from native speakers. They will be helpful for you in some way, even you dont have a chance to use them ...   Have a fun! 1. I have a date today. Kyoo wa deeto da! 2. I look awful! Hidoi kao shiteru! 3. What shall I wear? Nani o kite ikou kana. 4. I am running late. Osokunarisou. 5. I wonder if he/she will wait for me. Mattete kureru kana. 6. He/She should have been here by now. Mou kuru hazu nanoni. 7. I wonder if I am waiting in the wrong place. Machiawase-basho machigaeta kana. 8. I will wait five more minutes. Ato go-fun matou. 9. I am sorry I am late. Okurete gomen ne. 10. Thank you for waiting. Mattete kurete arigatou. 11. What happened? Doushitano? 12. I was getting worried. Shinpai shichatta yo. 13. Dont be so mad. Sonnani okoranaide yo. 14. Do you mind if I look in this store for a minute? Koko chotto mite ittemo ii? 15. I am tired. Tsukarechatta. 16. Shall we stop for tea? Ocha shinai? 17. Where should we go next? Tsugi wa doko e ikou ka. 18. How about a movie? Eiga demo miru? 19. Lets go eat. Shokuji shiyou. 20. Do you feel like sushi? Sushi nanka dou? 21. Id rather have Chinese food. Chuuka ryouri no hou ga ii. 22. I wonder how much money I have left. Okane, ato ikura nokotteru kana. 23. Good, I have plenty. Yokatta, juubun aru. 24. Shoot, I might need more than this. Shimatta, tarinai kamo. 25. Why dont I pay half? Warikan ni shinai? 26. Its 11 oclock already! Mou juuichi-ji sugi da! 27. I have to go home. Kaeranakucha. 28. Shall I walk you home? Okutte ikou ka. 29. Why am I so nervous? Nande konnani doki doki shichau n darou. 30. I dont want to go home. Kaeritakunai na. The phrases for dating continue next month.

Advertising Statement Essay Example for Free

Advertising Statement Essay ? Rosser Reeves was the one who invented the term â€Å"USP†. The Unique selling proposition is sometimes referred to as â€Å"product difference.† In rare cases, some products or services have a unique and impressive proposition/benefit. A unique selling proposition is the ultimate proposition because its one that no other competitor can claim. It has to be something that you could also sell from. The concept of a unique selling proposition, or USP, is based on a benefit statement that is both unique to the product and important to the user. The heart of a USP is a proposition, which is a promise that states a specific and unique benefit you will get from using the product. If the product has a special formula, design, or feature, particularly if protected by a patent or copyright, then you are assured that it is truly unique. This is why a USP is frequently marked by the use of an â€Å"only† statement, either outright or implied. There are various methods that can be used to find a USP as it is demonstrated in advertising strategies and ideas. In advertising, â€Å"strategy† refers to the overall marketing or selling approach. It is the thinking behind the concept/idea. (The thinking behind the thinking, if you like.) Decisions about selling premises are central to the overall advertising strategy. The strategy (or strategic thought) can come from a proposition/benefit of the product, how it used, the market background, the choice of target audience, or any combination thereof. Every strategy should have an element of distinction ( small or large ) from the competition’s strategies, as should the proceeding concept and campaign. All strategies should be written in the form of a strategy statement, also known as â€Å"creative brief†. However, there are several questions we should seek to answer to cover the area of strategic analysis. Competitor, best prospects, and what buying appeals have the greatest leverage. At the corporate level what takes place in the advertising department would be seen as tac tical whilst in the advertising department this would be seen as strategic. * Corporate strategies are concerned with the major functions of the company, and cover finance, human resource management, production, administration, and marketing. * Marketing strategies are concerned with ANSOFF’s matrix and the marketing mix. * Promotional strategies are concerned with the promotional mix options (advertising, sales promotions, PR, publicity, selling, sponsorship, exhibitions). Advertising that is effective creates the message that best expresses the product-prospect relationship. In addition, the message has to be intrusive enough to battle through the clutter in the contemporary media marketplace. To reach the effectiveness in advertising, a creative strategy should be involved in the process. It has to sell the product effectively by promoting them through smart and well designed advertisement. When forming a strategy from which to create ideas, it needs to be written down in a black and white. This helps to focus and steer the formation of ideas from the onset. When people suggest that an idea is â€Å"off strategy,† they mean that it doesn’t relate back to the defined strategy, and will therefore be much harder to sell the idea to the client. By having a strategy statement at hand, you can keep referring back to it whilst generating ideas from that strategy. It is very hard, even if you are an experienced creative, to produce a great campaign idea (or even a single one shot) without a solid, tight strategy. In short, the better you are briefed, the easier your job will be. A poorly defined, vogue, â€Å"wooly† brief is no use to a creative person, nor is highly specific one that restricts the number of ideas. Below are the basic examples of the headings in a creative brief, * Client * Product/service * Product and market background (supposition) * Competition * Business/Advertising Objective (problem to solve) * Media * Target market/Group/Audience * Proposition/Promise/Benefit * Proposition Support Points * Tone of Voice * â€Å"Mandatories† (Inclusions/Exclusions) Media in Advertising The choice of media depends upon the type of product or service being advertised, the target market, and the client’s budget. Each campaign can be in one form of media, or multiple forms. Traditional advertising media includes print, TV, and radio. Non-traditional includes ambient and guerrilla concepts. In addition, there is direct media, and interactive media. In the UK, each type of media is defined by its relation to a hypothetical â€Å"line† that divides the two. Traditional media is â€Å"above the line,† whereas direct marketing and interactive advertising is â€Å"below the line.† Companies that produce work in all the forms are referred to as â€Å"through the line† agencies, or â€Å"full service.† Other divisions within advertising include sales promotion, and business-to-business. Whereas business-to-consumer advertising, once the skill is developed, the same creative process can easily be applied to these other forms of media an d advertising. All products and companies, as seen by the customer, occupy some kind of ‘position’ in the market whether they intend it or not. This might be, for example, high price-high value, low price-low value, high price-low value, good company-not-so-good company and so on, when compared with comparable competing products and competing organizations. Most modern organizations now attempt to actively influence this position in the market by matching product and corporate benefits with the needs of clearly identified segments. The managers have performed professionally, be integrated to match the identified needs of the target market. Positioning is how the marketer wants the consumer to view its product relative to the competition. Although product differentiation plays a role in creating a product position, product differences account for only part of a product’s position. A positioning strategy also includes the manner in which a product’s factors are combined, ho w they communicated, and who communicates them. The size (and value) of the advertising corporate and brand positioning is crucial to the well-being of any company and so should be left to the agency professional. Copywriting is an essential part of the design communication mix, and those of us who do it for a living will tell you that crafting massages and telling stories is a rewarding mental process, even in the business context. You’ll find that being able to generate a response from your audience is a valuable and highly sought-after skill. Copy (or text, or words) used in design is a very particular type of creative writing that requires the inspiration of an artist and the control of a craftsman or craftswoman. In comparison to the rails on which the copywriter runs, the novelist or poet has no limitations. Poetry and storytelling are flights of the imagination, with no client or news editor to bear in mind. Whether the personality of the writer shines through directly or indirectly, this is the purest creative writing – it can take off in any direction, be as fictional as it wants to be, and go wherever it pleases. Writing copy, however, is all about sticking to brief, while paying homage to the creativity and style of the poet and storyteller. Journalists and copywriters are commercial writers, but the essence of the role is completely different. In most cases journalist have to create the story from the scratch, usually by following leads. They will have to research the facts to get to the heart of the matter, discover the different viewpoints and opinions, and bring this material together accurately and coherently. Articles are often written to a tightly defined structure, while features can allow more room for individual expression and the interweaving of the writer’s viewpoint. The message has to be factually correct, balanced, and fair, but the writer is allowed to take a stance, which could reflect that of the newspaper or, in the case of regular column, the writer’s opinion. Copywriting borrows from all other fields of writing in its quest for creative expression, but ther e is no room for your personality in the copy that you write; you are simply a scribe, a hired mouthpiece for your client, and it is the brand’s voice that must come through, loudly and clearly. Advertising Statement. (2016, Oct 12).

Critically analyse the role of senior managers as barriers to Essay

Critically analyse the role of senior managers as barriers to organizational change and explore how this can be addressed - Essay Example It is the objective of this study to delve deeper into this controversial premise, explore how management overcome resistance to change, compare how differing and contrasting theories impact the work organization, and finally to present methodologies to address resistance to proposed change(s) in the organizational, administrative and technological structures. As the Greek philosopher Heraclitus said, â€Å"Change is the only ever constant in this world†, and change is inevitable for evolution, development and fulfillment of any tangible or intangible object, concept or idea. Change creates opportunity for growth (Baker).It is the basic nature of man to resist change, and as Dr. Claude Brodeur states â€Å"We resist change. We choose to keep our habits, rather, the comfort of our habits† (Barriers†¦cited by E-commerce Expert ) It is this becoming too comfortable and complacent with our habits that gives rise to our distinct culture or behavior which often are not r eceptive to any disturbance or change,and as such, habit has become our individual culture and custom. Change cannot be easily undertaken by clashing with this individual culture, but rather by focusing on the work itself (Beer and Spector,1990). Change can be implemented on three potential areas: organizational structure, technology and people (Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior,2006; Aladwani, 2001) and each area has its own definite, peculiar concerns that can impact and affect over-all employee attitude and behavior. Some changes may call for a company’s organizational upgrading and this may cover the company’s own policies, rules and regulations; the creation or abolishment of certain departments, altering the number of employees under each supervisor, or can be much simpler like clarifying someone’s job description (UnderstandingBehavior†¦ 2006). Technological change refers to new gadgets or equipment for better efficiency, while chang es in people refer to changing employees’ set behavioral patterns and attitudes. Of all these changes, change in people offer the most challenge and level of difficulty, and this is the area where this paper will focus thoroughly. Changing employees’ behavioral patterns and attitude perspective is a challenge for management, as employees are creatures of habit, and habits, as the saying goes, are hard to break. Early studies on change and resistance to change was undertaken by Kurt Lewin (Dent and Goldberg 1999; Burke, Lake and Paine, 2008) and clearly explained how habits are hard nuts to crack, and enumerates three steps to assimilate change. This three-step model is widely accepted when studying change theories and these can be summarized as unfreezing, moving and refreezing (Burke, Lake and Paine, 2008, p. 233). Lewin refers to a person as a â€Å"complex, energy field in which all behavior could be conceived of as a change in some site of a field† (Marrow, 1969). Marrow’s further research showed that David Bowers and Stanley Seashore , both pioneers of organizational behavior, acknowledged Lewin’s view that a person’s biological system of homeostasis, i.e., man’s natural ability to resist change should undergo a three step cycle: first, an unfreezing or disruption of an already existing steady state,

Examination the differences between the ethical and conventional Research Paper

Examination the differences between the ethical and conventional investment mutual funds - Research Paper Example This led to investors’ social awareness; thus, the concept was to make sure that any form of investment followed ethical criteria. This led to the creation of ethically managed investment funds that have been steadily increasing and represent a large amount of money invested in a country like the United States. About 12% of funds that are being professionally managed are part of a socially responsible mutual fund or of other private portfolios. The fact that there is a very large amount of money invested in this manner has led researchers to attempt to answer the question whether these ethical investment mutual funds are more expensive to run and perform better than the other conventional investment mutual funds. Initial research shows that the ethical investment mutual funds do not invest as widely as the conventional ones. However, there is no major difference between the amounts of money earned by the ethical investment mutual funds when compared to the conventional ones (D iltz, 1995). Statistics also showed that there is no difference in the areas that the two types of investment mutual funds tend to invest in (Sauer, 1997). Most of the evidence necessary to make the important comparisons between the two types of investment mutual funds is mostly found in the United States and the United Kingdom. Additionally, there is no pattern of investment that can conclusively determine the differences between the two types of investment mutual funds. However, when the ethical investment mutual funds are compared according to investment in small companies with the other non-ethical ones, a bias is found (Luther & Matatko, 1994). It showed that the ethical funds were the better performing and earned more than the conventional ones in these small companies. A different study that was conducted by Mallin et al. (1995) attempted to erase the problem of the benchmark that was set on the small companies and the investment by the ethical investment mutual funds. In thi s study, they considered the size of the ethical fund and the date that it was created. A method of statistics referred to as the Jensen’s alpha was used to analyze their findings. They concluded that ethical funds outperform the other funds using this criterion. The small cap bias that was cited by Luther and Matatko (1994) and that Mallin et al. (1995) attempted to correct led to further research by Luther and Matatko which concluded that using the size of the fund and applying the 2-factor Jensen’s alpha method; there was no conclusive evidence that reflected a difference in the financial performance of both investment mutual funds and that the small cap bias still existed. The study of the differences between the two types of investment mutual funds was complicated at this point. It was further complicated when Dibartolomeo (1996) and Kurtz (1997) claimed that the better performance of the ethical investment mutual funds was due to â€Å"large-cap growth exposures † and not due to the social factors essentially considered. This presented further biases attributed to sector and style. The purpose of this paper is to examine subsequent research in order to uncover the differences between the ethical investment mutual funds and the conventional investment mutual funds in order to determine whether the former performs better than the latter. This paper will not aim to discredit any research conducted, nor will it seek to be investigative but it will simply

Great Leaders - Nnamdi Azikiwe and Patrick Henry :: World History

Great Leaders - Nnamdi Azikiwe and Patrick Henry Both Nnamdi Azikiwe and Patrick Henry though they lived more than two hundred years apart from each other, were leaders of their own time. They both lived through unbearable, and inhumane conditions. Nnamdi Azikiwe through slavery in Nigeria, and Patrick Henry through the unbearable things that Great Britain had placed upon the colonists. The conditions in both of their times might have been similar, but certainly not equal. The Africans were under much worse conditions than the colonists. They had to deal with the segregation of all the people around them. Separate benches, and even different restrooms for the Nigerians and the white men. The ex-servicemen didn't get the same privileged that the white men did. They were denied many things. Political freedom, economic security and social emancipation. They had to give up all that was theirs so that others could rule over them. The Nigerians were denied their basic human right that all people get. They were treated as if they of another kind like an animal or beast. Slavery was one of the worst things that the Nigerians had to live through. Working for others, and barely earning what would be just enough for their families, if they even got that, because some didn't get any money if they were stolen, so that other Nigerians could get money. They were sold, traded and t ossed around as if they were not people. They were forced to live under humiliating conditions. The conditions were unbearable to what the average person in America might be able to handle in this day and age. The Nigerians were torn from one of the most basic rights that we have here in America today. The right to freedom, and the pursuit of happiness. Through these conditions it is unnatural to live life, so that is why they needed their freedom. The Americans were treated in a similar way. They were forced to live under laws that today would seem to be the craziest ideas, and they seems like they could never actually happen to anybody, but they did a very long time ago. They were taxed major amounts. They paid taxes on almost every item. There was only tax on the items that they purchased from Great Britain, However they got all their items from Great Britain because there was no other place that they could get these items, so they paid taxes on everything.

Fuzzy logic in car safty

Car safety issues are wide-reaching problem. This problem is mainly due to human driving which involves reaction times, delays, and Judgment errors that may affect traffic flow and cause accidents. In some cases, the cause of the accident is distraction on the part of the driver and failure to react in time. Even in some cases, it could be cause by environmental factors (Song, 2005). Advanced system of auxiliary functions has been developed to help avoid such accident and minimize the effects of collision should one occur.Fuzzy logic provides tools for dealing with imprecision, which is fundamental to many engineering problems. The level of safety in our society could be archived by applying fuzzy logic control system. Fuzzy logic control technique has become an active area of research in the application of industrial processes, which are not friendly to straight control techniques. It attempts to emulate human mind for checking the processes parameters and to take decisions regardin g the control action (Eugene, 1985).Fuzzy control become a huge industry in Japan and other countries where it was adapted into home appliances such as scum cleaners, microwaves ovens, video cameras, washing machines, etc. A fuzzy controller acts or regulates by means of rules in a more or less natural language, based on the distinguishing feature: fuzzy logic. On the other hand, to reduce car accidents we are going to examine a system, which makes the drivers, pay more attention and alert them before an accident takes place.Because of this, we shall acknowledge the digital systems because they are easier to handle with, so the first thing in the development is to convert all variations in the car environment into digital signals without any changes. The ultrasonic transmitter circuit sends its vibrations in front of car, when these vibrations reflected the ultrasonic receiver circuit would take these vibrations and amplify it. Moreover, send it to the microelectronic, which can com pute the distance between the car and anything in front it (as shown in the figure 1 below).At the same time, the Infrared ‘R) circuit senses the round of the wheel and sends it signal to the microelectronic, which can compute the car speed. After that, the microelectronic sends the output signal to the speaker and The LCD. In addition, of these output devices the microelectronic sends output data to a personal computer using the serial port. Figure 1: Overview of the used hardware; copied figure (from Journal of Computer science 4 (1 2): 1061-1063, 2008]) We shall consider developing level of safety under three steps, which are: Defining level of safety Calculating each degrees of risk between two vehicles, and Combining these degrees to level of safety with average speeds in some divisions (Method et al, 2001). In the other hand, to ascertain the danger degrees of each car, and the base elements, fuzzy sets and their membership functions, are define by using survey data and degrees of risk (Chunk, 2003). In addition, if-then rules of inference engine are made by rough set theory.Conclusively, to get the level of safety in some divisions, fuzzy membership function values of each safety result is averaged, and a method to et ‘Level of Safety based on these degrees relates with an average of safety speeds is suggested. Definition of Level of Safety Safety being a wide-reaching problem, has gained various definitions from several authors. The level of safety in a road division means the grades, which people feel about the possibility to experience, rear-end collision including relentlessness in the division (Song, 2003).This definition is composed of three elements related with roads in themselves, driving behaviors in this road, and relation between drivers and roads. These three factors are mix in microscopic driving behaviors on roads, and five gyroscopic traffic condition variables are selected such as velocity and acceleration of lead and follow ing cars, and the gap distance between these cars divided the minimum safety distance (Method et al, 2001). The minimum safety distance (MS) is the distance that following car needs to avoid a rear-end collision.The traffic condition in itself can be included into velocity, drivers' behaviors are able to be included into oscillations of accelerations in every two seconds, and degree of risk in the system can explain the gap distance divided the minimum safety distance (MS). Where, : following Car speed Response time : Possible deceleration rate However, these results are not level of safety but risk degrees of two Cars (Fuller, 2005). Definition of Fuzzy Sets and Membership Function The member functions are divided into speed fuzzy sets and acceleration fuzzy sets (Method et al, 2001).Speed fuzzy sets are composed of three sets, ‘high speed', ‘medium speed', and ‘low speed'. Their membership functions are based on macroscopic traffic condition data and number of ac cident. Acceleration fuzzy sets also consist of three sets, ‘positive acceleration', ‘no acceleration', and ‘negative acceleration', and membership functions, which are based on microscopic field, survey data and maximum and common acceleration rates of vehicles. The gap distance/MS sets are divided into three fuzzy sets, ‘more than 1', ‘around 1', and ‘less than 1' using microscopic data.The combined danger degrees are about from 0. 4 to 0. 55 that corresponds to common situation defined in fuzzy set, and this result means that people drives more or less safely bearing some anger because there are possibility to happen accidents in traffic condition in itself but drivers believe that they can response properly to a danger situation. Moreover, this result shows that there are some danger situations n each two vehicle, but in road divisions, the danger degrees become normalized.Figure 3: Relation between Speed and Danger Degrees For this reason, â €˜Level of Safety should not include the combined danger degree directly, and should be deducted from relationship between speeds as well as danger degrees. In order to find their relation, pairs of average speed and danger degree are, shown in figure 3. We find that danger degrees are low in low speed level and high in fast speed level, and the level of change is not high in low and rapid speed situations. However, in medium speed case, danger degrees are increase vapidly, and there are two points of inflection.If danger degrees do not change rapidly, drivers would react properly because their expectations to the road conditions are fixed, but if they change fast, the situation on a road division would be dangerous because the expectation of drivers cannot be fix. Consequently, the simple possibility of accidents depends on the grades of change in danger degrees, and the severity depends on the quantity of danger degrees. Conclusively, this seminar suggests ‘Level of Safet y such as in Figure 4. First, range of Level of Safety in which relentlessness and possibility of accident is high is defined as Very dangerous situation', E.Similarly, that of range which relentlessness or possibility is high is suggested as ‘dangerous situation', D, and which relentlessness and possibility is usual as ‘common situation', C, and which possibility is low and relentlessness is high as ‘safe situation', B, and which possibility and relentlessness is low as Very safe situation', A, these are shown in Table 3 below. Finally, relation of danger degrees and average speeds develops the intercepts of each level of safety, UT it needs to be more precisely define by further study based on more investigation.Table 3: Level of Safety Definition The possibility The severity The range(km/hrs) Very safe -18 c 25-40 (or) High 18-25, 40-53 53-63 Figure 4: copied figure (from [Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies]) 8. 0 CONCLUSION This seminar work shows how the system provides a solution to decrease the car accidents by giving the drivers more time to avoid the accidents. Adjusting the sensitivity and the accuracy for the measuring circuits is important to ensure that the assured parameters represent its actual values.The use of microelectronic makes it possible to implement the system with less hardware components. The microelectronic, FISTICUFF was chosen among all the other microelectronics because of its low-cost and small size. In addition, we evaluated safety degrees on a road division, and suggest ‘Level of safety. The method to develop ‘Level of Safety from degrees of danger and combined using fuzzy theory, and we combined danger degrees to define level of service with average speeds. This is the first trial to define

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