Operations Management - 1055 Words

Operations Management – Homework Assignment 1 3.2) At the drive-through counter of a fast-food outlet, an average of 10 cars waits in line. The manager wants to determine if the length of the line is having any impact on potential sales. A study reveals that, on average, 2 cars per minute try to enter the drive-through area, but 25 percent of the drivers of these cars are dismayed by the long line and simply move on without placing orders. Assume that no car that enters the line leaves without service. On average, how long does a car spend in the drive-through line? Answer: Based on problem data we have to use Little’s Law in order to solve the problem. We have the I (average inventory) and T (average flow) and we need to†¦show more content†¦Assume that, as before, 90 percent of all patients are Simple Prescriptions. Assume, too, that the triage nurse is 100 percent accurate in making classifications. Under the proposed plan, how long, on average, will a patient spend in the ER? On average, how long will a Potential Admit spend in the ER? On average, how many patients will be in the ER? Assume the process to be stable; that is, average inflow rate equals average outflow rate. Answer: Based on the problem description the following flow can be plotted (assumed that the triage takes 1 minute). Based on the problem description the values in green boxes are given. The values in yellow boxes were calculated based on Little’s Law formula (T = I / R). The value in blue were calculated based on the patient’s flow over the process (90% or 10% based if they are going to be prescribed or admitted on hospital). How long, on average, a patient spends in the ER equals to 55.27 minutes. Since 90% of the patients spend 53.5 minutes and 10% of the patients spend 71.2 minutes. Patients prescribed flow over the activities 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, so summing the T(min) provides us the time spent in average. The same process can be applied to calculate the time for the admitted patients that flow over activities 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8. How long will a Potential Admit spend in the ER equals to 71.2 minutes. How many patients, on average, will be in the ER equals to 50.63. This valueShow MoreRelatedOperations Management : Operation Management1355 Words   |  6 PagesOperations Management Introduction Operations management is the activity of managing the resources that create and deliver services and products. The operations function is the part of the organization that is responsible for this activity. Every organization has an operations function because every organization creates some type of services and/or products. However, not all types of organization will necessarily call the operations function by this name. Operations managers are the people who haveRead MoreOperation Management - Cadburyworld2493 Words   |  10 Pagestechnology to streamline the operation process) and facility costs (old and outdated facilities) at lowest possible. In return, they have to compromise low costs with their other objectives. The unskilled staffs and outdated facilities are compromised with the quality in the core process. For example, the brief video (facility) in the packaging plant is outdated and requires commentary notes from some guides. However, the unskilled guides are not familiar with the operations so they need to read fromRead MoreOperation Management And Operations Management2148 Words   |  9 PagesOperation management Introduction Being an operations manager is not an easy task, it involves good control and responsibilities for the major activities within the organisations in order to achieve goals that might be in form of services or in form of goods. The operation management roles may be different from business to business depending on the size and resources available, each organisation has its own operations functions, and in order to produces goods or services they have to convert theRead MoreImportance Of Production And Operations Management2317 Words   |  10 Pagesthe production and operation of enterprises. In order to remain competitive, companies in different countries have different factors of competitive advantage. A clear competitive advantage is the key to gain success in production and operation management. An effective operations management is the foundation of enterprise competitive advantage and the fundamental guarantee to realize corporate strategy. This essay deals with the importance of production and operations management in the enterprise,Read MoreOperations Management : Operation Management Essay2171 Words   |  9 PagesOperation Management Operations administration concentrates on precisely dealing with the procedures to create and circulate items and administrations. Operations administration is the procedure, which joins and changes different assets utilized as a part of the creation/operations subsystem of the association into quality included item/benefits in a controlled way according to the arrangements of the association. In this way, it is that part of an association, which is worried with the changeRead MoreOperation Management2751 Words   |  12 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.1. DEFINITION OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.2. THE ROLE OF OPERATION MANAGER 3 1.3. RELATIONSHIP OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT WITH OTHER CORE FUNCTIONS 3 2. CASE STUDIES 3 2.1. HEATHROW INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 3 2.2. NESTLÉ UK CHOCOLATE FACTORY 3 3. MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE STUDY 3 4. CONCLUSIONS 3 REFERENCES 3 1. Operation Management For the success of an organization, the management crew plays a major role. An organizational structure is based on differentRead MoreOperations Management986 Words   |  4 PagesOPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Select two organisations that you are familiar with – one with a service output and one with a product output, and compare and contrast these organisations with respect to the following aspects: 1.1 The process of transformation of inputs to outputs 1.2 Process and Capacity design 1.3 Supply Chain management 1.4 Scheduling Operations Management refers to the management of the production system that transforms inputs into finished goods and services, (http://csuponomaRead MoreOperation Management2436 Words   |  10 PagesOPERATION MANAGEMENT IS IMPORTANT TO ALL BUSINESS To be able produce specialized managers capable of fulfilling strategic tasks within business and government enterprises the need for the practice of operations management cannot be forgone. Operations management is very significant in business operations since it forms the heart of the organisation by controlling the system of operation. Operations management deals with the design, operation, and enhancement of the systems that generate and deliverRead MoreOperations Management Chapter 18 Manual1950 Words   |  8 PagesChApter 18 Management of Waiting Lines Teaching Notes Some of the math and calculations can be left out in order to focus more clearly on the concepts of waiting lines. For example, all infinite source problems, including single channel (except constant service time) can be handled using the infinite source queuing table. In the past, queuing presented students with a good bit of computational requirements, and because of that, students frequently lost sight of the underlying concepts. WithRead MoreOperations Management1791 Words   |  8 PagesQUESTION 1 Operations management must be managed properly in order to improve an organization’s productivity and profitability. In the Cadbury World case, several micro and macro processes are involved and those processes bring some impacts to Cadbury World. Thus, Cadbury World must possess a sustainable micro and macro processes to achieve the best outcome and performance. Micro processes that involved are easily to manage compared to macro processes because macro processes are hard to manage

Female Discrimination The Women s Right Movement

Amanda Lopez English Comp. Dec 6th 2015 Research Paper Female Discrimination in the Workplace The 1920’s was a turning point in the women’s right movement; The ratification of the 19th amendment, giving all women the right to vote. When war came men needed to leave their families to fight for our freedoms. Women started to take on more responsibility setting out to get jobs. Joining the workforce showed women a different kind of independence, their mothers and grandmothers never got to experience. Instead of aiming to become housewives and mothers, relying on a husband to bring home the â€Å"bread†; They valued independence and self-worth. The 19th century was a very male dominated world. Females in the workforce suffered from all types of discrimination, from sexual harassment, prejudice, and stereotypes. Denied positions, denied promotions, and received less pay, making it hard to survive as a working woman. While trying to gain fairness in a male dominated world, women began to band together to push for changes. Federal laws like the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and The Equal Pay Act helped women earn fair and just treatment in the workplace. Despite the strides women overcome in gaining equal rights, it seems that even in the 21st century women still have yet to close the gap on gender discrimination in the workplace. Education has brought women front and center in the workforce world. Instead of having to settle for low paying jobs with no advancement,Show MoreRelatedWomen s Rights And Equality1020 Words   |  5 Pagesrun the world? Girls,† is an iconic lyric from Beyonce s â€Å"Run the World,† and may give the impression that women have been dominating the world, just like men. What a listener will not hear in â€Å"Run the World† is how long it took and how much effort it took just to give women the slight feeling of equality that they have today. The rights women have now would not be in place without the feminist movement, starting in the 1960s. In the 60s, women began to take action, believing tha t the phrase, â€Å"allRead MoreFeminism Is An Effective Ideology Within Politics1104 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the feminist movement, women were pretty much considered second class citizens. Feminism is more than just angry, male hating women protesting. Feminism is about change, equality and opportunity for women of all races and age. There are many reasons as to why feminism has been an effective ideology within politics. Because of feminism and the women s work movement, more women than ever before have been given the opportunity to make a difference in government. Whether it s running for presidentRead MoreFirst Wave Feminism By Betty Friedan1171 Words   |  5 Pagesreproductive rights and equal opportunity in education and the workplace. Source 1: The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan In 1963, Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique was published. Friedan discussed the problem that â€Å"lay buried, unspoken† in the minds of the suburban housewife, saying that they were too socially conditioned to recognize their boredom and lack of fulfillment. The book isn’t reliable in that it failed to address the struggle of minority and working-class women who didn t haveRead MoreThe Social Inequality Of Women And Women1003 Words   |  5 Pagesfocus of the feminism. Many inequalities exist in society today between men and women at both the micro and macro level. The idea that men and women should be equal in all respects, including economically, politically, and socially equal is at the core of the feminist theory. Generally, feminism describes a society where women are treated differently from men just because they are women. This differential treatment puts women at a disadvantage where they become subordinate to men. With regards to sexualityRead More Discrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagesany reason. Prejudice and discrimination are two very different things, prejudice is the unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group because of their race, sex religion, etc. Discrimination is the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex. It can occur anywhere, in the workplace, shops, restaurants, schools or just walking down the street. One of the most common forms of discrimination of gender. Gender is the behavioralRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641659 Words   |  7 Pagestask of passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, officially outlawing discrimination on the basis of origin, gender, race or religion. Discrimination was an issue that not only permeated educational, governmental, occupational and recreational institutions, but also affected the way in which the Bill of Rights was applied to certain groups of p eople. Though much of the focus of the movement focused on race, women were still fighting to be seen as equal to men. The Civil Rights Act was passed by CongressRead MoreGender Education, Work, And Society1394 Words   |  6 PagesInequality between male and female existed from the beginning of human civilization and still not be solved in today’s modern society. Discrimination is coming from social classes, and people always look down upon others in lower level. Although women are doing well in education and schooling, they are still facing inequality in work and society. So women will be in lower classes and be discriminated. The government and women still need work on this. Education In Canada, women generally do better inRead MoreWomen s Rights For Equal Rights1208 Words   |  5 PagesIn the U.S and most developed countries, women have gone far in fighting for their equal rights. The movement continues today and as more and more women are call upon to be aware of their roles in the society. However, the force of masculine force is still dominated and make it hard for women. Some complain and doubt that feminists have cross the line which thrown the society to another extreme, putting male into discrimination, demanding a retrivition of their male power. Sheryl Sandberg, AmericanRead MorePolitics Vs Patriarchy : A Comparison Of The Feminist Movements From The 1900 S1316 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of the Feminist Movements from the 1900’s to Today â€Å"A woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle.† -Gloria Steinem Feminism; a range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve political, economic, personal, and social rights for women. The history of feminist movements has been divided into three waves by feminist scholars. The first wave refers to the feminist movement of the nineteenth throughRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Canada1640 Words   |  7 PagesWomen s Rights in Canada Heritage Fair Essay It has been a long and hard journey in Canada to attain gender equality between men and women. Today, most people are unaware of the discrimination in workplaces, schools, and everyday life. Due to the Famous Five who lead the Persons Case that stated women as official persons, and many heroic individuals who lead the Women’s Suffrage Movement, women now have more opportunities than ever before. The Canadian Labour Movement has helped improve many citizens’

Chapter Twenty One . Free Essays

Chapter 21. Section one. Page 639. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter Twenty One . or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3. The effects of the Teapot Dome scandal on citizen’s views of the government. The Teapot Dome scandal caused the citizens to view the government as corrupt. 4. How Ohio Gang did the tarnish the Harding Administration? Some Members of the Ohio Gang used their position to their personal advantage, to sell government jobs, pardons, and protection from prosecution. Forbes sold scarce medication supplies from veterans’ hospitals and kept the money for himself, costing taxpayers about $250 million. 5. How did the Democrats lose the chance for victory in the election of 1924? The democrats couldn’t agree on a nominee and kept focusing on the issues of scandal in the White House and Harding, who was dead. Coolidge provided the Republicans a man who would not say anything that would damage the cause and let business take care of itself. 6. Harding vs. Coolidge Harding: Politics- 7. Coolidge was a leader; he avoided scandal and supported business prosperity. 8. Newspaper article about the Teapot Dome scandal. Albert B. Fall, U. S. Secretary of the Interior, leased, without competitive bidding, the Teapot Dome fields to Harry F. Sinclair, an oil operator, and the field at Elk Hills, California, to Edward L. Doheny. He received bribes from those two which brought indictments for conspiracy and accepting bribes for Fall. He was convicted of accepting bribes and sentenced to one year in prison anad fined $100,000. Section two. Page 646. 3. What were the factors that led to the new consumer society in the United States during the 1920’s? The factors that led to the new consumer society in the united states during the 1920’s were mass production, easy credit, mass advertisement, and economic prosperity. 4. How did the automobile impact American society? The automobile eased rural isolation and allowed workers to live further away from where they worked. 5. How did the United States government help spur the growth of the airline industry? Governmental airmail service and funds helped spur the growth of the airline industry. 6. New Industries †¢ The Consumer Goods Industry. †¢ The Airline Industry. †¢ The Radio Industry. †¢ The Automobile Industry. 7. How did the growing consumer culture impact the nation’s economy? The growing consumer raised the standard of living and encouraged Americans to buy new goods. . Newspaper Article on Charles Lindbergh. Charles A. Lindbergh not only opened a passageway to Europe; he opened up the hopes of people who never thought they would see outside their continental boundaries. Before Lindbergh’s transatlantic flight, travel was limited to the ground or the sea; and even the amazing â€Å"automobiles† were blocked by waterways. Travel had boundaries prior to Lindbergh’s flight across the Atlantic, but after his flight people could see beyond those boundaries. Section three. 3. Why did Andrew Mellon work to reduce federal tax rates? He thought that lowering taxes rates would spur the economy by encouraging businesses and consumers to invest and spend. 4. What efforts did the United States make to promote permanent peace and worldwide economic recovery? Were these efforts successful? 5. Treaties 1. Four-Power Treaty †¢ All agreed to respect the others’ territory in the Pacific. †¢ Full and open negotiations in the event of disagreements. 2. Five-Power Treaty †¢ All agreed to freeze naval production at 1921 levels and halt production of large warships for 10 years. †¢ U. S. and Great Britain would not build new naval bases in the western public. . Nine-Power Treaty †¢ All agreed to preserve equal commercial rights to China _ a reassertion of the â€Å"Open Door Policy† 6. What is the difference between politics and the media then and now? Back then there wasn’t a lot â€Å"paparazzi† and it looks like it was more organized and low-key. Nowadays there are people with cameras everywhere and you can barely see what’s actually going on in the center of it all. 7. Cutting Taxes. Good or bad? Chapter Review 12-16. 12. What was the presidency of Warren G, Harding like? Harding urged a â€Å"return to normalcy. The policies of his administration were commonly conservative, especially regarding taxes, tariffs, immigration restriction, labor rights, and business regulation. 13. How did President Coolidge restore public confidence? Coolidge distanced himself from Harding’s administration and named the most capable individuals to his cabinet. 14. What were four new industries, besides the automobile industry, that grew in importance during the 1920’s? †¢ Aircraft †¢ Radio †¢ Motion Pictures †¢ New Electric Appliances 15. How did Henry Ford increase worker loyalty and impact the labor movement? Ford increased workers’ wages and reduced the work day which weakened the power of unions. 16. What were Andrew Mellon’s strategies for maintaining postwar American prosperity? When Mellon took office he had three major goals which were: to balance the budget, to reduce the government’s debt and to cut taxes. 17. How did Automobiles change the standard living during the 1920’s? Automobiles allowed people to travel greater distances a lot faster, it also allowed workers to live outside cities. Rural Americans’ sense isolation also decreased. The success of mass production resulted in new and cheaper consumer goods. 8. How effective were President Coolidge’s attempts to distance himself from the Harding administration? Coolidge’s attempts to distance himself from the Harding administration were obviously pretty effective. He chose effective cabinet members and associating himself with prosperity and big businesses. 19. 20. 21. A. Accordi ng to Coolidge, how should Americans feel about the present economy and the future economy? He thinks that the country should regard the present with satisfaction and appreciate the future with optimism. B. Whom does Coolidge credit for the U. S. prosperity? He thinks it’s thanks to the integrity and character of the American people. 23. A. American Farmers earned less then one-third the average income for workers in the rest of the economy in the 1920’s- fact, it can be proven and it uses statistics. B. President Harding’s choice to appoint Colonel Charles R. Forbes to head Veterans Bureau was his worst decision in office- opinion, can’t be proven, it’s the way someone view the decision. C. The Kelly Act authorized postal officials to contract with private airplane operators to carry mail- fact, its something that is actually true. How to cite Chapter Twenty One ., Papers

Movies and television Essay Example For Students

Movies and television Essay Movies and Tele Vision : censorshipJoseph Graham Eng 101-24 Essay 2 Sept 29,1996 Censorship The song Cop Killer is fiction, not fact. At no point did I go out and say Lets do it. I am singing in the first person as a character who is fed up with police brutality. I aint never killed no cop. I felt like it a lot of times. But I never did -Rapper Ice-T, National Review, July 20, 1992. Statements such as that has started an on going debate about censorship in the television and music industry. What exactly is censorship? Some feel censorship is a violation of the first amendment right. Others say censorship is a must in the violent, abusive world we call society. Who has the right to censor? Who doesnt? What needs to be censored, and what doesnt? The fact of the matter is that their are the pros and cons in the music and entertainment industry about censorship. Since its invention earlier this century, television has become the most popular format for entertainment. We can be entertained, informed, and inspired by programs on TV. In fact, Americans love TV so much that we probably watch far too much of it. TV stations are becoming less restrictive about content in their programs. More violence, profanity, and nudity than ever before now graces our TV screens every night. Clearly, there are things that children should not be seeing on TV. The new V-chip legislation passed be Congress requires all TV manufactures to install an electronic device that allows parents to set the tolerance levels for violence, profanity, and nudity. However, are childrens viewing habits the responsibility of the government or the parents? There are several arguments that can be made on censorship on TV. One for example, what the pros for censorship? What are the cons? The are a lot of good points and bad points about censorship on TV. A good point that can be made is that there are a lot of violence and profanity on the tube. This can be clearly stopped by the new V-chip legislation just passed. But would the V-chip automatic censor block out such violent dramas a Schindlers List, Root. or Gone With the Wind? Would producers make a television mini-series about the bloody Civil War, which very likely would be blocked as too violent, or pass on such a project for fear of censorship? Another good point to censor certain TV shows is the theme of the show or movie. For example, The Simpson and MarriedWith Children encourage children to disrespect their parents. But for families that watch TV together and discuss the good, bad and the ugly dont need not stinking v-chip. The lines of communication are open, and children are taught what is acceptable and what is not. By relying on a transistor to do their parenting for them, many adults will fall even more out of touch with their children, who will spend more time trying to get around technology to watch shows theyre not supposed to watch. Those are just a few minor points about censorship in TV, but the same points can be made about the censorship in music as well. To many, music is the language of the soul. In the past, the musicians right to control his work was not in question. This has begun to change in recent years, however, as the lyrics to popular music have become more explicit. Is a rap group portraying real life in the ghetto, or a heavy-metal band singing about suicide, protected as artistic expression? Or do these songs really influence society, becoming a cause of violence and hate instead of merely an expression of them? Is government censorship of offensive and violent lyrics a way to improve society, or simply controlling who offend the wrong people. .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74 , .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74 .postImageUrl , .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74 , .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74:hover , .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74:visited , .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74:active { border:0!important; } .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74:active , .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74 .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u765e3005df7f33b55e11e921cf7b5a74:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oedipus And Antigone Essay Many artist claim they are just using the freedom of speech amendment and singing and writing about whatever they please. But to others, the real intentions of the would-be music censors is to impose on all Americans the tastes and values of political power brokers who dont connect with experiences and concerns of the young and alienated. According to the would-be censors free speech does not include the right to yell fire! in a crowded theater. Most lyrics go a lot further than that. The artist need to acknowledge that there are obviously some correlation between the negative and violent messages that are being put out in many tapes and the violence that exists out there in the real world, is a major reason to uphold censorship, People can go on and on why music and TV should be censored and why is should not. This is an debate that will go well into the 21st century. But the real question is will the music get more explicit and TV get more and more violent. Only the test of time will find out. Words/ Pages : 823 / 24

Research Paper on Sewage Treatment Essay Example

Research Paper on Sewage Treatment Essay Sewage treatment is a set of techniques that include water purification to recycle wastewater into the environment, or to convert it into drinking water. In terms of foresight and the Rifkin’s dynamic, as well as under the conception of â€Å"smart and sustainable city† (including automation), there is a tendency to provide, similarly to the Smart Grid, which builds â€Å"smart† energy networks, technical solutions to make water systems more â€Å"intelligent† and efficient (the conception known as Smart Water). A common field between these two approaches could be in the sewage drains heat recovery or the use of water network as a global cooling system. There are two main techniques to purify water, applying to both wastewater treatment and the production of drinking water. The physico-chemical techniques are essentially reserved for the drinking water production. The use of chlorine dioxide, sodium, and ozonation is also effective. In recent years, it took many efforts of the research and development departments to cope with the increasing complexity of pollution, regardless of its source. New fertilizers placed on the market, the identification of new sources of industrial pollution, as well as pharmaceutical (residues of active drugs rejected by individuals) actually pose new technological challenges to the treatment. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Sewage Treatment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Sewage Treatment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Sewage Treatment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Biological processes are used for secondary treatment of urban and industrial wastewater. In its basic configuration, they are mainly used for the removal of carbon compounds present in soluble form, such as sugars, fats, proteins, etc., for which solutions physico-chemical means are often inefficient, costly, or difficult to implement. These are harmful to the environment since their degradation involves the consumption of dissolved oxygen in water necessary for the survival of aquatic animals. The purpose of biological treatment is to remove the soluble organic pollution by microorganisms, mainly bacteria. The heterotrophic microorganisms that use organic matter as a source of carbon and energy, have a dual action: The organic material is partially removed in gaseous form during carbon mineralization with CO2 production in aerobic processes and biogas (CH4 + CO2) in anaerobic processes, and partly transformed into solid particles consisting of micro-organisms resulting from bacterial growth. These particles can be easily separated from the liquid phase by physico-chemical means such as settling for example. If necessary, the transformation of ammonium ions (NH4 +) to nitrate (NO3-) or nitrification, which may be performed simultaneously. These methods can also remove nitrogen and phosphorus by biological method through the implementation of additional steps in the treatment process: setting up an anoxic tank, an anaerobic pond, etc. Sewage treatment is a very urgent topic these days, so it is very important to put all your efforts in order to create a good research proposal on the subject. Besides, you may use free sample research proposal, which will help you to get the idea of the proper research paper writing procedure. Are you looking for a top-notch custom research paper on Sewage Treatment topics? Is confidentiality as important to you as the high quality of the product? Try our writing service at EssayLib.com! We can offer you professional assistance at affordable rates. Our experienced PhD and Master’s writers are ready to take into account your smallest demands. We guarantee you 100% authenticity of your paper and assure you of dead on time delivery. Proceed with the order form: Please, feel free to visit us at EssayLib.com and learn more about our service!

Learn the Use of Have in English

Learn the Use of Have in English Students of English will eventually both have and have got to express possession. Both forms can express what we own, but also the relationships we have. For example, I have / have got a car and a father. Beginning level students should also know that have is preferred in US English, and have got is much more common in British English. Finally, the fact that US English often uses gotten as the participle for various verbs including phrasal verbs with get, but will also use have got when expressing possession can further confuse students. This guide provides examples of the various uses of both forms. The differences between have and have got can be confusing for beginners. Here is a guide the two forms. When you finish reviewing, try the quiz  to check your understanding. Remember these important points: Have and Have got are used for possession.Example: Jack has got a beautiful house. OR Jack has a beautiful house.Only have is used when talking about actions.Example: I usually have breakfast at 8 oclock. NOT I usually have got breakfast at 8 oclock.The question form for have follows regular present simple:Example: Do you have a fast car? NOT Have you a fast car?Have and Have got are only used in the present simple. Use have for the past simple or future forms.Example: She had a copy of that book.There is no contracted form for Have in the positive form. The contracted form is used for have gotExample: I have a red bicycle. OR Ive got a red bicycle. NOT Ive a red bicycle. Here is a grammar chart showing the construction of the two forms: Forms With Have Got Have got is used both British and American English but is more common in British English. Note that have got is used for possession in American English, but that gotten is used for as the past participle for other uses of get. Subject Positive Form Negative Form Question Form I, You, We, They Subject + have + got + objects - contracted form: ve got They have got a new car. Ive got a number of friends in Los Angeles. Subject + have + not + got + objects - contracted form: havent got We have not got a dog. They havent got time to meet today. (? word) + have + subject + got? How many children have you got? Have we got enough time today? He, She, It Subject + has + got + objects - contracted form: s got He has got a new car. Its got red stripes and yellow stars. Subject + has + not + got + objects - contracted form: hasnt got She has not got a dog. It hasnt got any spots on it (? word) + has + subject + got? How many children has he got? Has it got any gas in the tank? Forms With Have Have is more common in American English when speaking about possession. However, have got, as mentioned before, is also used in American English for possession.   Subject Positive Form Negative Form Question Form I, You, We, They Subject + have + objects - no contracted formThey have a new car. We have classes on Friday. Subject + do + not + have + objects - contracted form: dont have They do not have a dog.We dont have time for lunch now. (? word) + do + subject + have?How many children do you have? Do we have any pasta left? He, She, It Subject + have + objects - no contracted formShe has a new car.He has three children. Subject + does + not + have + objects - contracted form: doesnt haveShe does not have a dog. He doesnt have any friends in town. (? word) + does + subject + have?How many children does he have? Does she have a vacation this month? Note: Sometimes the irregular form Have you a car/house/etc. is used in antiquated (older) forms of British English

Research and Opinion Paper- On Organizational Culture Paper

And Opinion - On Organizational Culture - Research Paper Example The aim was to help learners have a better understanding of the diverse organizational traditions. A set of semi structured questions on matters related to organizational culture and its consequences on the society were presented to different employees in the selected industries. The deductions discussed in this survey paper were made. Introduction Culture is defined as a set of traditions or beliefs that dictate the way of life of a group of people. On the other hand, organizational culture is the set of values that define the collective behavioral orientations of humans in a given setup (Hofstede, 2012). These components of organizational culture range from the institutions’ past to the contemporary issues. Most of the institutional traditions are based and established on common customs, attitudes and laws. It was, therefore, apt to conduct this cross-sectional research considering the said significance. Objectives of Organizational Culture Basically, organizational culture is normally established with the aim of improving the affairs of the company and defining its success. The institutional culture aims at maintaining and improving employee business conduct, as well as checking on better ways of employee treatment (Devis, 2007). The employee unit is a vital sector in each organization. The performance of the employees dictates the success of each company. A company that has an environmental culture which supports result oriented efforts is destined to thrive in its endeavors. It is, therefore, necessary to treat the employee cultural practices with a lot of care. Moreover, institutional customs also focus on defining proper channels through which authorities and information flow within the company. It also emphasizes on the importance of rewarding employees through promotions and salary increment based on their past performance records rather than social connections. Creating a culture that appreciates the employees’ individual efforts to impr ove company issues builds strong relations between the employees and their employees (Evans, 2012). This contributes to the overall performance of the industry. Moreover, it is encouraged to let the entire fraternity of a given organization to understand channels of communication and responsibility. Impacts of Culture on Various Organizations Organizational culture is one the most talked about issues in the contemporary world. In every field, there is always a given set of beliefs and customs that members have to bend to in order to thrive. Different fields have various cultural practices associated with them. In the school setting, there are a number of traditional practices that influence the performance and success of such institutions. For instance, students are subjected to a set of norms that dictate how they carry out themselves within the institution. At the same time, teachers and tutors too have preset norms to guide them in creating better learning conditions to the stude nts. It is the various composites of the schools’ customary practices such as the missions, visions and ways of operations that determine the institutional performances (Evans, 2012). The business realm is no exception. It is, for instance, based on capital generation and profit making as the cultural basis. Those who venture into the business field, therefore, have to put up with the traditions. In addition, there are

History What if Phase 5 IP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History What if Phase 5 IP - Essay Example The Allies and the Axis were reluctant to follow any line that risked running into the antagonism of the other for fear of alienating their ally and therefore endangering one of the precepts of their distant policies. In an epoch of growing international anxiety and doubt, the Germany remained one of the few relatively sure supports upon which they could depend on (Adams, 2007). Certainly, in the formulation and conduct of international war policy the significance attached to the views and position of the other was considerable, indeed the contacts and discussions between them were often decisive. The history of the World War II suggests that the greatest impact this war had in African and Asian countries through the processes of decolonization and modernization coming to these geographical regions (McGowen, 2002). In spite of great evils caused by the war, many developing countries became independent immediately after the end of the war, but the war changed the national consciousness and self-determination of the nations. For either to be successful the co-operation of their partner was considered imperative.

Creating and marketing a new product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Creating and marketing a new product - Essay Example In relation to the present trend of this respective business industry, it can be viewed that customers are highly inclined towards buying handmade soft toys including souvenir items and stuffed animals among others for different purposes (Toy Industry Association Inc, 2012). In this regard, the primary purpose of this essay is to create an effective marketing plan for new product i.e. handmade soft toys, which could be legally sold in the UK business market. 2. Marketing Strategy 2.1 Market Entry Strategy An effective market entry strategy typically involves various strategic decisions in relation to various influencing factors of host country. The organizations in the present competitive business world tend to incorporate adequate measures while seeking to expand their business units into different overseas business markets (Kotler, 2001). In order to attain a large consumer base in the growing handcrafted or handmade soft toy industry, the initial stage of the play will be focused on analysing the present trends along with the demands of the consumers towards the respective industry. In this regard, an effective consumer analysis will be conducted, which in turn can enable the organization in identifying the desired needs along with the preferences of the target customer group in the market. The product will be marketed under the flagship of Toys R Us, one of the leading toy retailers which currently operate more than 1500 retail toy stores across different business locations of the world (The Toys R Us, 2013). Marketing of handcrafted or handmade soft toys under the flagship of Toys R Us would enable to attract huge figure of customers across the growing UK market. Additionally, the admired brand image and enhanced customer reliability can be duly considered as effective strengths for the proposed product, which can grasp the attention of the consumers in the long-run. 2.2. Target Market and Segmentation Strategy Targeting along with segmenting appropriate g roup of customers can be regarded as an effective strategy, which can facilitate the marketers to attain superior competitive position in any business field. Moreover, the marketers in the present competitive business environment are highly focused on targeting a particular customer segment in order to build a strong brand image in any respective industry (Goi, 2009). In this regard, the target market and segmentation strategy relating to the product of handmade soft toys will be focused on differentiating consumers into two broad segments. First segment would be targeting the children within the age group of 2 to 6 years in the form of delivering handmade soft toys to them and second segment will be targeting young adults through presenting handmade showpieces. This can further enable the organisation to obtain more customers in the UK market. 2.3 Marketing Mix Strategy 2.3.1 Product Product can be regarded as one of the core attributes for an organization, which depicts the image of the company and also ensures to predict its future growth in any respective industry and/or market (Kotler, 2001). In relation to the proposed marketing plan for handcrafted or handmade soft toys, the product would be focused on collecting exceptional soft toys and stuffed animals that are made from quality based materials and textiles in a fully furnish process. 2.3.2 Price The pricing strategy of a new product can be further considered as an essential factor, which can enable an organization to

Business ethics

Business ethics Introduction Business ethics is a well-institutionalized academic field, which deals with the moral dimension of business activity. In the context of international business, it means the treating of moral questions of international cultures and countries. International business should be sensitive to the environment and not just selfish for its own profits. Ethically, safety comes first and the profit comes last. The various issues that ethics target are diverse environmental concerns, animal welfare issues, labor practices, fair trade, health concerns, genetic modification, patenting of genes, cloning etc. International business is both more exposed to a variety of ethical conditions as well as in a position to exploit business ethics due to the sheer size an international company has. The end result of an ethical judgment entails its authenticity from being morally correct. But moral correction itself is a relative concept and is based upon the cultural perceptions as well as traditions. The in ternational market and business arena can be ethically segmented into thedie hard, thedont cares, and the various groups in between. Companies all around the world are coming under scrutiny from governments, shareholders, customers, trade unions, human-rights groups, and others to prove that their activities are conducted in ethical ways. Findings 2.1. Ethical dilemmas 2.1.1. Decision making Ethic, which is a managerial dilemmas to organization profits, this conflicts between economic activities and its social performance. The economic performances are measured by the organization benefits, revenue and the social performance are measured by the organizations obligation to people. Besides of attempting maximize businesss profits, all companies and organisations should solve these dilemmas in a case-to-case basis, due to the fact that there is not any general prescription , managers prediposetions are towards certain choices because of their own levels of moral development. The definitions of what isright according to the organization in which they work the informal cultural preferences and sanctions, and the pressures of the immediate situation. Acting without reflecting on these conditions could produce potentially unexpectedly results. But this is not easy because managers are subjectively involved in the situations themselves. In most ethical dilemmas that businesses face to, they may have choices to perform. Furthermore, they should compare each choices to the part of moral stage. These choice should be reflected organizational values and beliefs. Government, through laws and regulation, may help establish the meaning of ethics. However, an effective solution to the dilemma must contain a mechanism in which ethical considerations become a central part of operations. A key component in ensuring ethical performance by modem corporations is the integration of moral reasoning throughout the organization. 2.1.2. Ethical frameworks 2.2. Profitability 2.2.1. Priority for businesss profits The wordssocial responsibility may be famous among some companies but may be unimportant to others. if a company aims to maximize profit in the long run, the company has to recognize some social obligations such as being socially responsible, which may increase their cost. An activist approach should be implemented by protecting the welfare of society, preserving the environment and contributing positively as a socially responsible institution. Furthermore, most businesses in todays world are stressing on the importance of being ethically responsible and maximizing profit is not the main priority. One view of social responsibility suggests that economic responsibilities are of the greatest magnitude in an organization. This view is in relation to the classical or purely economic view. Firstly, economic responsibilities are to manufacture goods and services to be sold at a revenue and being compliant to societal commandment and regulations. As explained, the classical view states the primary priority of maximizing profit for an organization as long as it constitutes to the minimum requirement of the economic and legal responsibilities. The meaning of economic responsibilities is similar as classical view as both stresses on profit making compared to upholding social services and producing social goods for the comfort of the society. Even the founder of Atlanta business community perceives that the economic responsibility was to make a profit (Joyner and Payne, 2002: pp. 9). Although socioeconomic view also stresses on the maximization of profit, but this aim is regarded, as th e second priority and not the first, like classical view. Consequently, it can be seen that the classical or purely economic view suggests that economic responsibilities are of the greatest magnitude in an organization as its main priority is profit maximization, which is the main economic responsibility. A company, which only has profit maximization as primary priority from classical view may as well suffer through legal approaches if they do not constitute to protecting the welfare and environment. 2.2.2. Organizational obligation Companies are supposed to have, an increased awareness of its role in the society, as they have the force in the modern globalize environment and hence they have the obligation to contribute in order to improve the society in which they live too. In addition, managers in highly visible positions in the organization should try to be ethical, because they have the power to play a key role in transmitting and diffusing codes of ethics.Indeed, acting ethically may make the difference between survival and closure of an organization. 2.2.3. Reputation reward In todays competitive environment, any adverse impact on the companys image can lead to a significantly decline in its competitive position. The rewards to organizations and managers supporting ethical cultures include increased efficiency in daily operations. Management of ethical and legal risks is not merely about conforming to rules and regulations, but in that way managers can protect the companys image and their reputation. In facts, company regularly pays attention to its ethics, which is the image that could portray a strong positive to the public. People relize the organizations as valuing people more than profit, as striving to operate with the utmost of integrity and honor. Customer nowadays have paid more attentions to ethical businesses. As customers being more ethical conscious and social responsible, they recognize more value to companies that act in a moral way and reward managers that operate those organizations. The inner benefit of virtue and the prudent to be ethical is an important motive for managers to act that way. 2.3. The possibility to balance ethics and profits The issue of effectively integrating ethics into business decision making is a major area of debate confronting todays corporate leaders. Persistent media reports of unethical behavior by corporations, business executives, and governmental officials highlight the need for effective solutions to the ethics dilemma. The ethics dilemma derives from the perceived conflict between the traditional corporate objective of profit maximization and the overall desire for increased social welfare. Although ethically responsible business practices are generally desired, opinions about what these practices are and how they should be encouraged are diverse. The complexity of the current business environment complicates the development and implementation of resolutions to ethical issues facing industry. after a company tries to maximize profit, could bring the company down in the future. Coelho, McClure and Spry (2003) state,If logging an area enhances short-run profits, managerial income may be increased. However, the downside is the potential litigation that will reduce the firms wealth not to mention the additional moral hazard if the damage that is caused is potentially greater than the wealth of the firm. This shows no matter how much earnings a company may be maximized; its consequences for not being socially and ethically responsible would cause a bigger problem from the company in the future. 2.3.1. Examples of ethical and unethical organizations NIKE Nike is known as one of the leading shoes manufactures in the worlds. It has large number of factories STARBUCKS Starbucks has won a number of ethics awards and has been recognized as a role model of social responsibility. The companys first priority is taking care of the employees in its retail stores who communicate with and serve customers. Starbucks managers believe that by taking care of these employees, the company can provide long-term value to shareholders 2.3.2. Possibility to intergrate ethics to doing business In this world, people all understand not all things is right according by law, is ethical too. In doing business, leaders should focus on the organizations responsibilities rather than the rights. To begin with, organizations must consider and accept broader criteria for measuring the its performance and social role than those required by law and the market place. Many times companies may not need to apply the law or the moral code of the organization, because either those are insufficient to solve the specific problem or by implementing the law may lead to actions that are not ethical enough. Doing business must take define stands on issues of public concern and advocate ethical norms for the organization, the industry, and business in general. Ethical issue is the effective way to create and maintain a productive and ethical culture within the organization. An ethical management climate contributes to profits by reducing the cost of business transactions, establishing trust for doing business. Business ethics are considered in many businesses as a source of increased profits and competitive advantage. Moreover, ethical businesses help the bottom line by improving competitive advantage through improved performance and fewer negative events that damage corporate reputation. An ethical climate builds a strong competitive position that has been shown to positively affect business performance and innovativeness. Customers are likely to switch to brands associated with companies that have a good ethics reputation, if price and quality were equal. On the other hand, unethical behavior could trigger disloyalty and a switch to a competitors brand.As consumers are responding to ethically concerned businesses, being ethical can be ex tremely profitable. a business with high moral and ethical responsibilities will obliquely attract the attention of consumers, producers, suppliers even employees and this enhances its reputation as a socially responsible company. Then, being ethical and protecting the society and welfare will secure the business lots of money in terms of less fines and litigation. The company would even be safe from publicity of its appalling movements towards the society, especially with the high technology advancement today. With good status, the company would be assured of a good prospect in the future. Hence, businesses and companies should practice the socioeconomic view as they can implement both protection and preservation of welfare and environment, and, maximize profit in the long run, rather than merely maximizing profit as long as it constitutes to the legal requirements. There are many organizations in the world have created successfully ethical climate Conclusion To conclude with, some economists support that the ethics coexist with the enterprising practice and that the social responsibility of an enterprise is to provide products and services in a profitable and moral way, and overcame the problems of fraud, existence of monopolies, big rally of economic force in the hands of few, poor and the wastefulness of natural resources as well.In the frames of this new environment, the businessman beyond his traditional activities acquired also two new; he takes into consideration in each decision the wider economic and social consequences that arise from his actions, and collaborates with the government in the application of public policy. In that way not only the whole economy is improving with positive results for the manager and the enterprise, but also has been achieved resolution of such socio-economic problems, that if they were left unverifiable would give the stimulus for bigger requirements of interventions in the operation of enterprises. In addition, the social sensitivity is essential, because if problems, such as the pollution of environment or the reduction of raw material, were not be faced directly, then in some years the society will be led to socio-economic and environmental destruction, so manager and the enterprises will collapse. Besides, there is no point to say whether are applied or not egoistic practices, but whether a manager recognizes and achieves his obligations, as they have been extended to include also the application of moral rules. Recommendation References bibliography

Iranian Education Essay -- Iran Middle East

Iranian Education: From Modernization to Traditionalism An education system, because of its purpose as the shaper of the future, is a good indicator of what is going on within a country politically and culturally. The history of the Iranian education system showed change as the ideological values of the country shifted with each new regime change in the mid twentieth century. Iran, as a country, went from a country focused on modernization and secularization under the Reza Shah, to a country focused on traditional Islamic values under the new government established after the Islamic Revolution of 1977-791. These changes shifted the very purpose of education, its impact on women (in arguably negative or positive ways), and its literature. The shift in political focus from modernism to religious traditionalism can also be seen in how religion is taught in Iran, especially compared with different countries around the world. The history of the Iranian education system from 1907-1977 is one that is filled with problems. In 1907, Iran established a Ministry of Science and Art to control all areas of education, even religious education. In 1910, this ministry was reorganized and renamed the Ministry of Education, and given more power to set laws and guidelines for education, religious and secular. This body was not necessarily effective in setting new guidelines for Iranian schools. The main problem was overcoming was the lack of qualified, quality teachers (Szyliowicz 176- 7). After 1925, the Shah2 built many new schools and tried to revitalize the educational system. This effort was hampered again, by lack of qualified teachers (Szyliowicz 231), a lack of coherent ideology (Szyliowicz 232), and a program of edu... ...ern Iran. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1992. Rivard, Jean-Franà §ois and Massimo Amadio. â€Å"Teaching Time Allocated to Religious Education in Official Timetables.† Prospects 33 (2003): 211-217. Shavarini, Mitra K. â€Å"Misconceptions about Islam and Women’s Education: Lessons learned from the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI).† International Education. 33.1 (Fall 2003): 40(11). Gender Watch. Proquest. Univ Mass Amherst. 10 Feb 2006. . Szyliowicz, Joseph S. Education and Modernization in the Middle East. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1973. UNESCO. Integration of Technology and Vocational Education into Special Needs Education. Austria, Colombia, Iran, Tunisia. Geneva: Imprimeries Popularies, 1977. Zia, Rukhsana. â€Å"Religion Education in Pakistan: An Overview.† Prospects. 22 (2003): 165-178.

Ellen Foster Object Relations Essay

Ellen Foster is a ten-year-old, Caucasian, female who experiences a series of traumatic events during her childhood. These traumatic events include her witnessing domestic violence in the home, her mother’s suicide and subsequent physical, sexual and psychological abuse by her alcoholic father, her maternal grandmother and other relatives (aunts and cousins on the mother’s side). Ellen shuttled from home to home, staying for a short time at the home of her teacher, then to different relatives’ homes, to finally a foster home where she eventually resides. Ellen’s â€Å"new mama†, as she refers to her, is a much better role model then she has ever experienced before. New Mama is supportive and nurturing towards Ellen. Ellen reports that government and church funding support the foster family. She has no siblings. Ellen is intelligent and enjoys doing art. She often rides a pony at her new foster home. Ellen misses her mother, and longed for a caregiver before she had new mama. This is evident when she reports eaves dropping on a â€Å"colored† family and â€Å"started making a list of all that a family should have. Of course, there is the mama and the daddy but if one has to be missing then it is OK if the one left can count for two. But not just anybody can count or more than his or herself (p. 67)†. She often sought help from her Aunt Betsey and neighbors. Her mother, father and grandmother, or â€Å"mama’s mama† as Ellen calls her, are all deceased. The grandmother was old and abusive towards Ellen forcing her to work the fields with the â€Å"colored† field hands on her farms in the middle of a sweltering hot summer until school started. Ellen eventually becomes the caregiver and housemaid to mama’s mama after the grandmother fires all of her household servants. Despite Ellen’s care and good works for her, the grandmother despises her because she is convinced that Ellen was in â€Å"cahoots† with her father in abusing her daughter, taking her revenge out on Ellen since the father is dead. Ellen has a best friend, an African American girl named Starletta, Since Ellen likes Starletta, and she struggles with her own burgeoning racism. She has beliefs about African Americans that are mainly negative. Ellen eventually realizes that race makes no difference in the quality of the person. Ellen enjoys art and playing with her microscope often fantasying about being a scientist on the brink of a new discovery that will change mankind. She sees a counselor at school on Wednesdays. Ellen does not enjoy doing therapy and has negative transference towards her counselor. Presently she is seeing me for therapy. She can be aggressive, defensive and competitive at times at school. During one session Ellen reported that her counselor asked her about her last name because â€Å"Foster† isn’t her real last name. She did not want to discuss it any further. Perhaps she chose the last name â€Å"Foster† from her label as a foster child. Object Relations As stated by Lesser and Pope (2011) according to object relations theory, â€Å"human development takes place within the context of relationships (p. 69)†. British object relation theorists, Melanie Klein, Ronald Fairbairn, and Harry Guntrip introduce definite and functional ideas about what internal object world, or the inner world, consists of. The inner world includes representations of self and other, representations structured by thoughts, recollections, and occurrences within the external world. A representation has a lasting continuance in the inner world and although it begins as a cognitive structure, it eventually takes on a profound emotional meaning for the person (Berzoff, Melano-Flanagan, & Hertz 1996). The word object is set apart from the subject. The subject is the self and the object is the part outside the self, the object is what the self identifies with, encounters, wants, has uncertainties about, feels denial about, or absorbs. In Freudian drive theory and in ego psychology, the term object is sometimes used in reference to people. The word, object, in drive theory can be to some extent depersonalized, because the word essentially does exemplify a thing not a person as in: â€Å"the object of oral impulse can literally be the breast†(citation). In psychodynamic theory the word object, usually refers to people, but other objects such as cooking, art, pets, or can become objects when they are profoundly and representatively connected to powerful object experiences in the inner world. Some of Ellen’s physical objects are her microscope, her encyclopedias, her money, and her art supply. A conjecture about Ellen’s inner world and what these object represent is that her money could represent an insurance plan, in case things go wrong. And her microscope, her art, and her encyclopedias represent an escape for her and they also represent hopes for the future. Klein (1948) was the first theorist to revise Freud’s notion of the object by giving more consideration to the interpersonal environment in deciding its influence in developing personality. She amongst other object relations’ theorists now defined the target of relational needs as a concept known as relationship seeking. Klee 2005 stated that relationship seeking is the belief that through relationships with significant people in our lives, we take in parts of others (objects) and gradually develop a self-structure that we ultimately call a personality . This mental process by which a person changes the regulatory features of her environment into internal regulations and features is called internalizing (Lesser & Pope 2011). D. W. Winnicot (1958), a pediatrician and psychoanalyst, is influential in the field of object relations theory, gave great consideration to the notion of being alone. He believes that the ability to abide, take pleasure in, and utilize healthy solitude could be refined, ironically, only in the proximity of another. If aloneness is experienced as desolate, isolated, or miserable, it becomes agonizing. This can happen is a child has been neglected. In this situation, the inner world is not filled with enough soothing figures. On the contrary, aloneness becomes too excruciating or insufferable for the child, if the inner world is too crowed with threatening and abusive figures who offer neither protection, reassurance, nor tranquility. The ideal environment for the growing child to share experiences with the soothing figure for a period of time and to experience time alone to reflect and to adventure on the child’s own (Berzoff et al. 1996). Klein (1948) described six early processes and primitive defenses developed from early infant years. Projection is when the infant believes an object has characteristics that are in fact the infant’s own feelings. Introjection is the mental desire in which the infant consumes the perceived in the world. Projective identification is creatively splitting off a part of oneself and ascribing it to another in order to control the other (Berzoff et al. 1996). Splitting occurs when a child cannot separate conflicting thoughts or feelings in the mind at the same time, and therefore instead of integrating the two thoughts or feelings the child focuses on just one of them. A split can take any form, from visual appearance to concepts and ideas. For example, a frequent split is into good and bad. The good part is preserved and cherished at the same time the bad part is wrestled with or repressed. In extreme case of schizophrenia, when a part of the self linked with one of the separate thoughts, and another part of the self is linked with another, the person is then split (Berzoff et al. 1996). Idealization is a defense used to keep painful and unacceptable feelings out of consciousness. The feelings that are troublesome are usually the same feelings that people often want to reject: â€Å"anger, disappointment, envy, sadness, desire, and greed (p. 145)†. Devaluation is the opposite of idealization and is a defense mechanism used to reject troublesome feelings such as â€Å"neediness, weakness, insecurity, envy, or desire (p. 146)†. A person who denies desire through devaluation ends up feeling smug and superior but quite alone (Berzoff et al. 1996). An important developmental point in object relations is the depressive position according to Klein (1948). The depressive position is constantly maturing throughout a person’s lifetime. Feelings of remorse, grief, and the yearning for atonement take hold in the developing mind in the depressive position. The person now recognizes the ability to cause harm or push away a person who one undecidedly loves. The defenses attributed to the depressive position include the manic defenses, such as preoccupation for reparation. As the depressive position causes growing integration in the ego, prior defenses shift in the character, becoming less powerful, allowing the character to move into psychic reality (Berzoff et al. 1996). Throughout this turbulent time in Ellen’s life she is experiencing many new relationships and is relationship seeking with many adults. These adults are supposed to be caregivers for her. These people are her mother, father, her grandmother, Julia, Aunt Betsy, Aunt Nadine, and new mama. There is a time after Ellen’s mother dies that I feel she is too alone, in agreement with Winnicot (1958). Ellen often reports that when she would come home from school â€Å"it was already dark and he had the lights on. I went in and did not speak to him. I did not speak to him or else I stayed outside most of the time (p. 24)†. She said that her father was drunk all the time, often passed out, she was alone and eventually she had to take care of the bills. There are other times when Ellen’s life is overflowing with abusive adult figures in her life. On New Years Eve, Ellen claimed that a bunch of black drunk men came into her house with father. â€Å"My daddy showed up at my house less and less†¦he did show up on New Years Eve. Of course I went and hid when I heard him and a whole pack of colored men come in the door (p. 36)†. Ellen is frightened when this happens often trying to escape through a window in her room. In accordance with Winnicot (1958), aloneness becomes too much too bare for Ellen and she feels the need to hide. Her inner world is too crowed with threatening and abusive figures who are threatening her safety. The whole mother’s side of the family overcrowds Ellen’s inner world too. This is a risk for Ellen, because disruptions in object relations may result in an inability to fall in love, emotional coldness, apathy or withdrawal from interaction with others, co-dependency, and/or extreme need to control relationships (Berzoff et al. 1996:70). Ellen attempts to control Starletta as much as she can through projective identification; she splits off a part of herself and attempts to control Starletta. Ellen often tells Starletta what to do, for example one day when Ellen was over Starletta’s house and she wanted to play, however Ellen thought to herself and told Starletta the following: â€Å"Starletta still had on her nightgown and she needed to be washed. ‘You got to wash before I will play with you’ is what I told her (p. 31). She taped Starletta’s crayons back together after she broke them. She would often talk down to Starletta: â€Å"’Tell your Mama I thank her’ I said to her. Say it over in your head and out loud so it will not leave your head (p. 52)†. This relationship may unconsciously aim to get rid of unmanageable feelings for Ellen and help her deal with these feelings. Ellen’s relationship with grandmother is toxic at best. In the beginning, Ellen thought that her grandmother might like having a girl around the house, even though she is not a â€Å"vision†(pg), but Ellen said she had good intentions. In my opinion, â€Å"good intentions† meant she wanted to have a relationship with her grandmother. The grandmother wanted to punish Ellen for Ellen and her father causing her daughter’s suicide. Ellen confronts her grandmother, asking her why she hates her so much. Ellen asked her grandmother: â€Å"Well I know you hated my daddy but what about me? Why can’t you see that I am not like him? (p. 78)†. The grandma lashes out at Ellen with an onslaught of abusive hurtful words directed towards Ellen to break her down. Ultimately, that is what Ellen does she shuts down. â€Å"So I decided to spend the rest of my life making up for it. Whatever it was. Whatever I decided I one day I actually did (p. 78-79)†. Ellen is in the depressive position, she feels guilty about everything for her mothers death, for her fathers death, and then for the grandmother’s death when she passes. Ellen utilizes her manic defenses, in my opinion, when she finds the grandmother dead and decides to dress her in her â€Å"Sunday’s best† clothes and surround her with flowers in order to make amends with her guilty feelings. â€Å"I made her like a present to Jesus so maybe he would take her. Take this one I got prettied up and mark it down by name to balance against the one I held from you before†¦. be sure I get the credit for it and if you can please show me some way that you and me are even now (p. 92). Ellen becomes slightly preoccupied with reparation. Ellen begins to move past this phase when she moves in the home of her Aunt Nadine. Object relations can be applied to Ellen’s traumatic past and helps to identify some significant points in her life that she would like to work in future treatment. A pleasant thing about object relations is that as the therapist and patient collectively examine the patient’s internal world and its effect on the patient’s relationships, the patient and therapist are in a relationship as well. In this way, patient and therapist have an existing shared connection that both can study and learn from (Berzoff et al. 996). Sociocultural Theory Sociocultural theory stemmed from the work of psychologist Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky (1934/1986) felt that human cognition was innately social and language based. Vygotsky believed inner speech is qualitatively distinct from normal external speech. It is language, advanced during the earlier years, and progressively improved during the middle years ( where Ellen’s age lies) that actually aids in giving the older child the capability to organize things mentally rather than by using concrete items (Lesser & Pope 2011). As Berk 2003 stated: Vytgotsky felt that children speak to themselves for self-guidance; he felt language was the foundation for all high cognitive processes, including control attention, deliberate memorization and recall, categorization, planning, problem solving, abstract reasoning, and self-reflection (p. 257). One of Vygotsky’s concepts is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). The ZPD is the difference between what a child can achieve when working by themselves and what the same child can achieve when given assistance from someone with the necessary knowledge (Wertsch 1985). Vygotsky viewed the ZPD as a way to better explain the relation between children’s learning and cognitive development. The lower limit of ZPD is the level of skill attained by the child working alone; this lower limit can also be accredited to as the child’s actual developmental level. The upper limit is the level of latent skill that the child is able to reach with the assistance of a more capable instructor (Wertsch 1985).. A concept associated with ZPD is the concept scaffolding. It is essential to make a note that Vygotksy never used this concept in his writing; introduced by David Wood, Jerome S. Bruner, and Gail Ross (1976). Scaffolding is a process through which a mentor or more competent peer helps a person in his or her ZPD learn for as long as necessary and tapers off until the student no longer needs the mentor, much like a scaffold is detached from a building when construction is finished or deemed stable (Wood et al. 1976). Vygotsky viewed make-believe play as the vital context for development of self-regulation. Despite the fact that Ellen is ten years old going on eleven years old, this still pertains to her. Make-believe is full of shared dialogue and development-enhancing skills. Vygotsky takes make-believe to the next level making it a important part of development a distinguishing, experiential ZPD in which children try out a wide range of difficult skills and learn culturally valued skills developing a significantly stronger capacity for self-regulation

Lady Catherine Essays

Lady Catherine Essays Lady Catherine Paper Lady Catherine Paper In Pride and Prejudice the main target of Austens is satire, are the characters with money and the characters that have to prove their position because they feel they deserve respect due to their money and position. Also Jane Austen uses religious hypocrisy, snobbery and the concept of proper social conduct to show her personal views of society. She didnt believe the idea that education and money resulted in intelligence. In Austens time, religion was predominately Christian and so most people would go to church and also one of the most popular jobs then was a clergyman. At the top of the social scale were the aristocracies: they had titles, owned land and did not work. Then below them were the gentries: they inherited their fortunes and did not work. In Austens day, women of the gentry were almost entirely dependent on men. The only employment they were likely to get was to become governess and this was not viewed as a satisfactory way of life. Most women who did not marry remained financially dependent on their male relatives, like Jane Austen. Through marriage, a woman could have her own house and enjoy some status in society. Austen ignored the Napoleonic wars raging over in France at the time because they simply didnt affect her directly, despite occasional propaganda; there was little chance that Napoleon would invade Britain. Austen turned down many marriage proposals because they werent for love, and she firmly believed that people should marry for love, not money. In the novel she makes her opinions known through the narrative comments as well as the protagonist opinions. During the first ball in the book, the characters involved immediately attempt to cement their position in society. Lady Catherine is a prime example of Jane Austens satire. This is because as discussed earlier in the introduction, Austen clearly does not approve with the notion that money equals intelligence. Nevertheless, many believed this notion at the time and Austen portrays this through the characterisation of Lady Catherine. Firstly, we hear about Lady Catherine through the dejected Mr. Collins who boasts to the Bennets about her. Bounty and beneficence has preferred me to the valuable rectory of this parish. (p51) Lady Catherine is shown to be a woman who believes that due to her social status and her substantial fortune, her opinions and instructions should be followed without question. For example she is happy to use, what she presumes to be, her superior knowledge of social etiquette to assist the less fortunate such as Mr. Collins. Austen does not agree with this opinion and shows this through the satire of Lady Catherines instructions to people about how they can better themselves. This is explored further when Lady Catherine bestows these comments onto equally ridiculous characters, such as Mr. Collins who comments that these instructions give him superior society (p178). These humorous subtleties allow Austens social analysis of such people to be shown in a comic manner. Austen also shows her opinion of Lady Catherine through the description, Her air was not conciliating such as to make her visitors forget their inferior rank whatever she said, was spoken in so authoritative a tone, as marked her self- importance. (p135) This satirical instance of characterisation shows again how Austen creates intricate characters which we can assume are based on her personal findings of such people. Lady Catherine frequently speaks to Elizabeth in a condescending manner. Elizabeth however, being Austens sensible character responds to Lady Catherine using sharp wit and satire. Elizabeth suspected herself to be the first creature who had ever dared to trifle with so much dignified impertinence. (p138) Later in the novel, Lady Catherine confronts Elizabeth about Darcy and forbids the marriage not knowing whether Elizabeth has accepted the proposal or not. This suggests that she believes those who are beneath her in social status should do as she instructs.

expression essays

expression essays Ideology is an ever-present factor in our everyday lives. A good amount of the information we receive is tainted by ideological values. These values, unique to the source of the information are windows or reinforcements on their standings regarding any number of topics. When we receive the information at hand it is then subject our own individual ideological beliefs and values that we hold true. Ideology in film is such a powerful factor that in my opinion it is the biggest factor that should be consider when analyzing the information of the film. When it comes down to it film is a direct result of what someone is showing you. What that person is showing you is what they want you to see and what they dont want you to see, tainted by their own ideological standings. Oliver Stones explicit left-wing film Natural Born Killers uses ideologies as an underlying theme being examined by the bi-polar categories of Relative versus Absolute, Secular versus Religious, and Outsiders versus Insiders. In this paper I hope to dissect and explain the bi-polar categories regarding ideology. In the film Natural Born Killers Woody Harrelson and Juliette Lewis are Mickey Knox and Mallory Wilson, two young, attractive mass murderers in love in Stone's wild-eyed satire on the American fascination with criminals. After killing Mallory's loathsome parents, the pair perform a ritual "marriage" and take off on a "honeymoon" killing spree that wipes out 52 people pursued by a bad cop just as criminal. Bloodthirsty t.v. reporter Wayne Gale (Robert Downey Jr.) reports their every move to an adoring public. While warden Dwight McClusky (Tommy Lee Jones) is only too eager to welcome such celebrities to his prison for his own gain. The underlying ideological expression of Stone in this film is what I thought made it so powerful. Comparing the bi-polar category of Relative versus absolute and th ...

How to Get Over a Disappointment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How to Get Over a Disappointment - Essay Example Disappointments manifest themselves in one’s thoughts, perception, will, emotions, imaginations and in our memory according to how we deal with situations. One can get over these through: total make up of the mind, figuring out how to avoid the same in future, stopping going over the details, getting engrossed in something fun and taking the disappointment in stride. First, one should always make up his mind in an event when disappointment strikes. It is healthy to draw your mind into conscious thinking, to wish away the past and accept what the future. Once a disappointment hits, what follows is remembrance. Constant thinking about dissatisfaction inputs people’s mind into regretful memoirs. No matter what happens one must try to forget it as first as possible. Making up ones mind to move on is the best starting point for every disappointment. Studies have shown that continual thinking of something that one loves or wishes for generates intense and strong feelings about it. Therefore, in the event that one falls short in his desire, then the windows of disappointment open up. For example, if one separates from his lover, the first positive move one should make is making up his mind to come into terms with his decision. One should stop thinking about the other and incline in the mental atmosphere that things will turn better. It is also healthy to find fault in one’s desired wish in order to distract the temptations of going back to that disappointment. It is only through the mind that we can get over the disappointment. What we allow into our heart, through our subconscious brain reflects in individuals physical being. This explains why some people will ease themselves out of any disappointment they come across while others will develop cold and frustrations upon every slight disappointment they encounter. Therefore, it is rational to involve thinking and reasoning whenever disaster strikes. Once we make up mind that indicates we have

Opioid analgesics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Opioid analgesics - Term Paper Example Opiod analgesics can be natural, semi-synthetic, fully synthetic or endogenous in nature. The naturally occurring opiods can be attaned by incising a seed pod which has a substance known as opium. This opium contains alkaloids and the primary alkaloid is morphine. Semi synthetic opiods are the ones that are created from these natural opiates. Examples of semi-synthetic opiods are hydrocodone, desomorphine and buprenorphine. Fully synthetic ones are the ones created totally in the laboratory and these include fentanyl and pethidine. Endogenous opiods are the ones that are produced inside the body and these include endorphins and enkephalins. Some names of opioids are Morphine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil, levorphanol and codeine. Opioids are the most effective and best option of treatment of pain that has a chronic pattern and has been persisting for a very long time. It has been proved to be useful for unbearable and severe pain for relief. It is very useful in life hampering conditions which do not have a definite cure which include late stages of cancers and opioids are used in these pathologies. It is also an option of treatment for anxiety. Other clinical uses include the usage of these drugs in spinal analgesia. Opiods can also be used as drugs for the treatment of diarrhea. They can also induce sleep and hence can be used as sedatives. Another common indication for opioids is in decreasing the reflex of cough. Opiods can also serve as emetic agents and can be used to induce vomiting. Acute pulmonary edema is a clinical condition which can be relieved by the provision of opiods by the mechanism of dilation of the vessels. Certain opiods which have long lasting effects are used in the rehabilitation programs for the treatment of the opiod addicts so as to counter the withdrawal symptoms seen in these patients. The opioids are a class of drugs that have a good rate of absorption when they are taken by m outh. A few opioids serve as exceptions which include morphine, hydromorphone and oxymorphone. These drugs undergo the first pass effect before they enter the circulation. These drugs can hence be given by the parenteral route. These drugs have the capability of reaching the most of the tissues of the human body. They can also cross the placenta. These drugs are acted upon by the enzymes of the liver and are converted into forms of glucoronide. Their route of removal from the human body is via the renal system. Alcohol has the ability of increasing the effects of the opioids on the human body. Also in patients with pathologies of the liver, the effect of the opiods becomes prolonged owing to the inactivity of the enzymes of the liver. Opioids have the capability of working via three mechanisms that is via receptors, opioid peptides and via certain ionic pathways. The receptors of opioids are present in the peripheral nerves, in the cells of the gut as well as other important regions of the body. The receptors are classified as mu receptors, kappa receptors and delta receptors. The properties of the opioids responsible for relieving the pain are carried out via the mu receptors. The delta receptors are presented in the distal regions of the body and they are considered to be responsible for inducing tolerance to the drugs. The kappa receptors are considered to be responsible for inducing sleep. These receptors of the opioids act via the second messenger, G proteins. They function via preventing the activity of

The use of strategic operations management & innovation principles in Essay

The use of strategic operations management & innovation principles in Apple inc - Essay Example Furthermore, what Brown and his colleagues try to emphasise from their definition of operations management is that the activities involved in it are actually different forms of operations that take place in the whole operation of the organisation. For instance, marketing activities deal with understanding not just the company or industry but there is a need to substantially consider the entire market. Such leads further to consideration of the price, products, promotion and place. These are not the concerned of the production department but it is there concern to get information from the marketing department in order to come up with products that the market requires. In the same way, product innovations for instance is not the concern of the accounting department but they only coordinate with the marketing department and production department in order to essentially address the need of the operation to substantially flow effectively and efficiently. As it can be observed, the three d epartments involved different nature of operation from the other but when they are combined together as entire activity; there is a definite outcome or one whole flow of activities which defined the organisation’s whole operation. This has to be managed accordingly and such leads to operations management. However, in today’s time when competition is everywhere and becoming fiercely complex, an organisation needs to actually come up with strategy in order to be competitive enough. Thus, here comes the need for strategic operations management. There is a need to use strategy in order to achieve the ultimate goals an organisation has set to be achieved (Brown, Lamming, Bessant, & Jones, 2005). This paper tries to critically review Apple Incorporated on its operation management. Specifically, the proponent tries to include the following. Critical review of the organisation’s Strategic Operations Management activities from manufacturing, service & administrative pers pectives. Critical assessment of the organisation’s global capability & evidence of competitive advantage in their products & services in terms of design, planning, implementation of operations, etc. Critical review of information & their relative value to enhancing competitive advantage. Strategic Operations Management of Apple Incorporated Let us try to take a look at the strategic operations management of Apple Incorporated from manufacturing perspective. Product quality is so far the most obvious reason why until at present, Apple is renowned for its top-priced products for ipods, laptop computers and other line of products. Apple has concisely presented its financial performance and this is properly justified by different factors which of course include manufacturing considerations (Apple Incorporated, 2011). It has substantially stated that there is a wide range of importance that it has to take into account on product innovation strategy while trying to remain its comp etitive advantage on product quality and uniqueness. Furthermore, it has also identified the need to come up with unique products

Equity History Essay Example for Free

Equity History Essay Equity was used to refer to the laws that were followed in the English judicial system which supplemented the strict rules that were used on top of the already existing common laws to pass judgments. The conflicts between law and equity can be traced back to the time when England was ruled by kings. At the start of the 14th century, the courts of law in England could only pass sentences to certain cases and disregarded others that according to the system ‘were not suitable’. On top of this, law officials changed the court procedures of listening to claims. Since the legal claims were based on set restrictions, it made the judicial process unfair to the individuals who were denied justice. Remedies however, could be got when petitions were drafted for the king to consider with the hope that he would have mercy on them. The Court of Chancery The Court of Chancery was one court in England and Wales that followed the Equity system. It was formed under the Lord Chancellors jurisdiction who administered cases on behalf of the King; therefore, he served as the judge. During this period, the rules of equity had become more acceptable in solving cases and that is why they were incorporated in the Court of Chancery. In these courts, decisions were made following stare decisis and since they were based on equity, they did not rely on the law doctrines. These courts however, were not trusted with most people to pass correct rulings because of its inconsistency. The courts concentrated on what the defendants had done and what they were supposed to do so as to be right with the law other than what the plaintiff might have wanted. Therefore it was upon the courts to pass the decision that would make the defendant put matters right. Equity therefore, lightened the strict laws. The jurisdiction of the courts of equity is different from law courts because the methods used to distinguish from what is right and what is wrong are differentiated into two such that what is used in the Courts of Law are legal and were enforced using the common laws while those in the Equity based courts were equitable. The Courts of Equity are based on mercy and justice therefore have helped the poor people to fight for their rights especially in certain suits where they are unable to file suits such that a counsel will be assigned to them by the courts and they can get certain favors such as they are exempted from paying ordinary fees. Differences in Common Law and Equity The difference between the common law and equity ranges from the way they deal with solutions and alternatives used in solving legal matters. In Equity, there is no jury as it is the duty of the judge to decide if a person is guilty or not guilty. Another distinction between law and equity is that there are differences in the rules are used to pass decisions. In law, decisions made will be based upon the documented legal guidelines while in equity, general guidelines are followed that will ensure that the sentence passed is fair and just. Equity therefore has no fixed rules as sentences can be passed by using doctrines that were used in prior similar cases. But as time progressed, the equity laws changed rapidly to become more rigid hence becoming a system that was used in the English courts.

The Sustainability In Residential Development Environmental Sciences Essay

The Sustainability In Residential Development Environmental Sciences Essay Abstract: Unsustainable is the word that defines the absence of logic in terms of describing in residential development. Loads of explanations, analysis and proposed plans and cures exist for this unsustainable development. However Sustainable development in residential is increasing motivation between architects and interior designer; latest methods are developing each day that gives a promising area of an eco-friendly lifestyle. Introduction: Sustainable development in Interior design (also named as green design or eco design) manifest that a good-looking, vigorous living space can ease the negative effect on the environment without forfeiting aesthetics. Sustainable development is one of the high significance proposals, which recommends reaching the stability between economic, social and environmental aspect. In this proposal, I will discuss about sustainable in residential development that is how residential can subsidize into sustainability and benefits of it in housing development. Background /Context: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMEMT Sustainable development can be defined in two ways: one development, which means the need of a present without avoiding the ability of future generations to have their own needs, and secondly, securing towards a healthier quality of lifecycle for every one of us and coming generations. Sustainable development is key code of a viewpoint in environmental area of health and safety of ecosystem in globally. Sustainable development has been defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from  Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report:[1] Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts: the concept of  needs, in particular the essential needs of the worlds poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of  limitations  imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environments ability to meet present and future needs. The main aim of sustainable development is to persuade the public to use the essential facilities without the help of vehicles. They should be pushed more into public conveyance. The site or the location of the development should stay in such area that they can access to the local service by public transport. This kind development reduces the effect of greenhouse effect and C02 radiations and conservation of the natural resources, within the resident societies and affluent and innocuous economy.   All definitions of sustainable development have 3 elements which are economic, social and environment. Sustainable Development in Economical aspect: Economic development is the processes that motivate the system under study, as well as the sets linked with the movement of energy and materials which are essential to exist. As we all share the nature, the changes affects our daily habitual life and hence its necessary to apprehend what is actuality affected and how. This acquaintance is of the simple definition of sustainability develop problem. Sustainable Development in Social Aspect: Social aspect in sustainability development, also said social security system has effect to improve individual health and the social benefit and to increase the social assets. Social asset is the source to convince the society to recreate the interest and develop network and connection. Its the blend of quantity and quality of social communication in human lives. Thus, developing social in sustainably is to reduce the liability and sustaining the health of social system. Sustainable Development in Environment Aspect: Environment aspect or ecology system is the nature source of all energy and raw materials to create the environment development. Ecology is the organism in environment which is the connection between relation and interaction between living organism which adds human, nature and habits. HOUSING DEVELOPMENT Building environment represent the fundamental of reaching the sustainable objectives. This adds reducing greenhouse gas emission, pollution and the preserving of resources and organized the society and acquiring economy. With the said words above about sustainability in housing development can be expressively added to the sustainability in few points given below: It consumes large amounts of resource Its a secure benefits for a long life Its the value and the effects of housing development towards the transport, health employment and community. The construction between sustainable and housing has a very essential part in to completing sustainability, because housing develop devours the resource in construction to maintain its use in large scale. There is a connection between housing and sustainability, which works in two process , including the ethics of sustainability in housing development is preservation and restoration which will not going to make any impact in the eminence of strength and the cost efficiency of housing development. Impact of housing Development towards sustainability There is number of issues that can contribute housing development in sustainability. State below: Climate changes are one of the most widespread and hypothetically unsafe environment issues, which are the reason of greenhouse gases emissions, and especially CO2. The housing zone provides a significant role of community, the plan and the location of the housing development and the harmful climates changes in local area because of dangerous gases polluted around and the greenhouse gases emissions from the housing growth. The main target to this point is to minimizing the climate changes in terms of transports area, by decreasing the car usage. Physical resources, at the end of the building life, recycle and re-using the materials ease the quarries and other cause of resource to have new resource and landfill amount of flattening for mine and quarries. Tumbling the pollution and enlightening the air quality and health in daily lives, greenhouse gases and other source of energy produce dangerous gases like SO2( acid rain ), NOx and CO2 which are harmful gases in our life. Using enough energy efficiency positively reduce the emissions of pollution. Airtight building and use of artificial materials is one of the causes of health illness known as sick building syndrome. This illness occur cause of compressed and airtight of housing plans. Sustainable settlements need to be created because greenhouse gases is one of the singular source to transport sector which initially can be reduce by developing the building in order to reduce the travel via vehicle and influence to walk, cycling or public transport. Benefit of Sustainability in Housing Development The is three benefit of sustainability in housing development which are related and follows the same pattern as environment, social and economic effectively. Energy effectiveness Heating up house, suffering from dampness becomes one of the main issues in many houses, pointedly for poor families, which increase the illness in the community. Developing and using energy efficiency will benefit the quality of life, strength and standard living style in the society. The sustainable housing development not only provide the environment approach and energy efficiency housing, it also add an increase of employment, health care and many other services, which will be convenient for public to access by public transport or walk. Social presence Large schemes arise difficult in the cities to proof the essential of construction societies than rarely group of building. With the facilities in sustainable development there should be also varied of income and age grouping in terms of occupations and the house must be develop in such a location that large number of society can take palace in term of base. Residential design should be develop to subsidize in sustainability not to give only the warm living, reducing travel issues but also a settlement of worth life to continue in generation, which will decrease the efficiency of dwelling cost. Economic effect and money ethics Thinking of short term investment, leads to extra value of money in long term investment. Developing site in cheap cost may produce more money to spend. The benefit of sustainability in money issue is to study the long-term cost effect. It may cost extra in short term but it will affect the downward of long term cost in residential development. Research questions: As I have explained above about Sustainability in housing develop, its impact and the benefit of it, therefore the questions are: What is the main challenge of this proposal? How to develop affordable housing in 3 aspect of sustainable. Affordable housing and sustainable development are main two challenges around the world. As said by UK Gov. (2009), that housing demand has risen boomingly than the supply and as the price of house has increased than the rate of wages it has been difficult for young people to afford it . Developing affordable housing is one of the most important verdicts in sustainable design. Significantly sustainable is an issue, when it comes to designing housing project. As it covers the main part in using of building materials, space and location. What need to be done? Before approaching to sustainable housing development we need to study the policy to include the community, construction of housing. Building regulation, finance and facility of land, which can improve the affordable housing to develop eco-efficiency, location and design sector. Eco- Efficiency its the involvement of community to understand the planning of site, design and maintenance of housing projects. Location in order to achieve economic sustainability in housing project near to transport area, this will provide facilities toward public transport. Design to reduce the cost of house, infrastructure cost, ecological impression and improve the quality of life. To achieve such plan we need to include community service, dense design, friendly environment design and eco-efficient house. This can be possible by subsidizing the government in the process Case studies Sustainability towards the housing development are nowadays become the major focus in the world. Below are some example given: Bedzed ( Beddington Zero Energy Development) its one of the largest sustainability community in UK, which was built in 2000 in south-west London , on a brownfield site, industry field with 100 homes designed to afford for average people with standard quality of life . The concept of their design was to use of home energy for heating and hot water system and allocating the windows and triple glazing towards south and reducing the electricity by low energy lighting system. Their installation in wall by thicker than the average with insulation between the bricks to avoid energy loss and the solar panel used on the roof to ventilate the house and recover heat from the air coming out. Bedzed http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/BedZED_2007.jpg/300px-BedZED_2007.jpg Bowzed apartment at Tomlins Grove , located in east London. It was completes in 2004 by Bill Dunster Architects Zed factory. The concept of this apartment was create solar heating system which will stay up to five days in winter and internal temperature by 10c in summer. The achievement of this project was to have zero carbon and high level if insulation and thermal mass without the central heating system. The heating system is generated from renewable source for up over a year. http://www.zedfactory.com/bowzed_gallery/images/bowzed3.jpg Bowzed Colne and Mersea low carbon refurbishment housing located in Barking, London. It was completed in 2011 The concept this project was to change the existing house according to the climate to design a standard living home with improving energy- efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. http://www.unitedhouse.net/uploads/images/bd59bbe0c842fcda3f14b6a4543df8bf.jpg Colne Masea Conclusion The highlight of this proposal was the sustainability in residential or housing development in terms of social, economic and environmental aspect for affordable house. Many ideas have been study to consider sustainability to achieve the close location to public transport, social, community facilities and compact design according to the climate. Its also been said that there is some idea of sustainability which are opposite of each other such as eco-efficiency is expensive and tough to have affordable to obtain a house without government financial support. As its important to have affordable housing, hence its essential to give the high importance to afford a house for low income sectors its easy to have sustainability housing by giving well design but economically it is expensive to have sustainable housing. Over all having sustainability housing depends on the location wise and unlikely without using design principles it can be easy to have sustainable housing development. References