Research Paper on Sewage Treatment Essay Example

Research Paper on Sewage Treatment Essay Sewage treatment is a set of techniques that include water purification to recycle wastewater into the environment, or to convert it into drinking water. In terms of foresight and the Rifkin’s dynamic, as well as under the conception of â€Å"smart and sustainable city† (including automation), there is a tendency to provide, similarly to the Smart Grid, which builds â€Å"smart† energy networks, technical solutions to make water systems more â€Å"intelligent† and efficient (the conception known as Smart Water). A common field between these two approaches could be in the sewage drains heat recovery or the use of water network as a global cooling system. There are two main techniques to purify water, applying to both wastewater treatment and the production of drinking water. The physico-chemical techniques are essentially reserved for the drinking water production. The use of chlorine dioxide, sodium, and ozonation is also effective. In recent years, it took many efforts of the research and development departments to cope with the increasing complexity of pollution, regardless of its source. New fertilizers placed on the market, the identification of new sources of industrial pollution, as well as pharmaceutical (residues of active drugs rejected by individuals) actually pose new technological challenges to the treatment. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Sewage Treatment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Sewage Treatment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Sewage Treatment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Biological processes are used for secondary treatment of urban and industrial wastewater. In its basic configuration, they are mainly used for the removal of carbon compounds present in soluble form, such as sugars, fats, proteins, etc., for which solutions physico-chemical means are often inefficient, costly, or difficult to implement. These are harmful to the environment since their degradation involves the consumption of dissolved oxygen in water necessary for the survival of aquatic animals. The purpose of biological treatment is to remove the soluble organic pollution by microorganisms, mainly bacteria. The heterotrophic microorganisms that use organic matter as a source of carbon and energy, have a dual action: The organic material is partially removed in gaseous form during carbon mineralization with CO2 production in aerobic processes and biogas (CH4 + CO2) in anaerobic processes, and partly transformed into solid particles consisting of micro-organisms resulting from bacterial growth. These particles can be easily separated from the liquid phase by physico-chemical means such as settling for example. If necessary, the transformation of ammonium ions (NH4 +) to nitrate (NO3-) or nitrification, which may be performed simultaneously. These methods can also remove nitrogen and phosphorus by biological method through the implementation of additional steps in the treatment process: setting up an anoxic tank, an anaerobic pond, etc. Sewage treatment is a very urgent topic these days, so it is very important to put all your efforts in order to create a good research proposal on the subject. Besides, you may use free sample research proposal, which will help you to get the idea of the proper research paper writing procedure. Are you looking for a top-notch custom research paper on Sewage Treatment topics? Is confidentiality as important to you as the high quality of the product? Try our writing service at EssayLib.com! We can offer you professional assistance at affordable rates. Our experienced PhD and Master’s writers are ready to take into account your smallest demands. We guarantee you 100% authenticity of your paper and assure you of dead on time delivery. Proceed with the order form: Please, feel free to visit us at EssayLib.com and learn more about our service!

Learn the Use of Have in English

Learn the Use of Have in English Students of English will eventually both have and have got to express possession. Both forms can express what we own, but also the relationships we have. For example, I have / have got a car and a father. Beginning level students should also know that have is preferred in US English, and have got is much more common in British English. Finally, the fact that US English often uses gotten as the participle for various verbs including phrasal verbs with get, but will also use have got when expressing possession can further confuse students. This guide provides examples of the various uses of both forms. The differences between have and have got can be confusing for beginners. Here is a guide the two forms. When you finish reviewing, try the quiz  to check your understanding. Remember these important points: Have and Have got are used for possession.Example: Jack has got a beautiful house. OR Jack has a beautiful house.Only have is used when talking about actions.Example: I usually have breakfast at 8 oclock. NOT I usually have got breakfast at 8 oclock.The question form for have follows regular present simple:Example: Do you have a fast car? NOT Have you a fast car?Have and Have got are only used in the present simple. Use have for the past simple or future forms.Example: She had a copy of that book.There is no contracted form for Have in the positive form. The contracted form is used for have gotExample: I have a red bicycle. OR Ive got a red bicycle. NOT Ive a red bicycle. Here is a grammar chart showing the construction of the two forms: Forms With Have Got Have got is used both British and American English but is more common in British English. Note that have got is used for possession in American English, but that gotten is used for as the past participle for other uses of get. Subject Positive Form Negative Form Question Form I, You, We, They Subject + have + got + objects - contracted form: ve got They have got a new car. Ive got a number of friends in Los Angeles. Subject + have + not + got + objects - contracted form: havent got We have not got a dog. They havent got time to meet today. (? word) + have + subject + got? How many children have you got? Have we got enough time today? He, She, It Subject + has + got + objects - contracted form: s got He has got a new car. Its got red stripes and yellow stars. Subject + has + not + got + objects - contracted form: hasnt got She has not got a dog. It hasnt got any spots on it (? word) + has + subject + got? How many children has he got? Has it got any gas in the tank? Forms With Have Have is more common in American English when speaking about possession. However, have got, as mentioned before, is also used in American English for possession.   Subject Positive Form Negative Form Question Form I, You, We, They Subject + have + objects - no contracted formThey have a new car. We have classes on Friday. Subject + do + not + have + objects - contracted form: dont have They do not have a dog.We dont have time for lunch now. (? word) + do + subject + have?How many children do you have? Do we have any pasta left? He, She, It Subject + have + objects - no contracted formShe has a new car.He has three children. Subject + does + not + have + objects - contracted form: doesnt haveShe does not have a dog. He doesnt have any friends in town. (? word) + does + subject + have?How many children does he have? Does she have a vacation this month? Note: Sometimes the irregular form Have you a car/house/etc. is used in antiquated (older) forms of British English

Research and Opinion Paper- On Organizational Culture Paper

And Opinion - On Organizational Culture - Research Paper Example The aim was to help learners have a better understanding of the diverse organizational traditions. A set of semi structured questions on matters related to organizational culture and its consequences on the society were presented to different employees in the selected industries. The deductions discussed in this survey paper were made. Introduction Culture is defined as a set of traditions or beliefs that dictate the way of life of a group of people. On the other hand, organizational culture is the set of values that define the collective behavioral orientations of humans in a given setup (Hofstede, 2012). These components of organizational culture range from the institutions’ past to the contemporary issues. Most of the institutional traditions are based and established on common customs, attitudes and laws. It was, therefore, apt to conduct this cross-sectional research considering the said significance. Objectives of Organizational Culture Basically, organizational culture is normally established with the aim of improving the affairs of the company and defining its success. The institutional culture aims at maintaining and improving employee business conduct, as well as checking on better ways of employee treatment (Devis, 2007). The employee unit is a vital sector in each organization. The performance of the employees dictates the success of each company. A company that has an environmental culture which supports result oriented efforts is destined to thrive in its endeavors. It is, therefore, necessary to treat the employee cultural practices with a lot of care. Moreover, institutional customs also focus on defining proper channels through which authorities and information flow within the company. It also emphasizes on the importance of rewarding employees through promotions and salary increment based on their past performance records rather than social connections. Creating a culture that appreciates the employees’ individual efforts to impr ove company issues builds strong relations between the employees and their employees (Evans, 2012). This contributes to the overall performance of the industry. Moreover, it is encouraged to let the entire fraternity of a given organization to understand channels of communication and responsibility. Impacts of Culture on Various Organizations Organizational culture is one the most talked about issues in the contemporary world. In every field, there is always a given set of beliefs and customs that members have to bend to in order to thrive. Different fields have various cultural practices associated with them. In the school setting, there are a number of traditional practices that influence the performance and success of such institutions. For instance, students are subjected to a set of norms that dictate how they carry out themselves within the institution. At the same time, teachers and tutors too have preset norms to guide them in creating better learning conditions to the stude nts. It is the various composites of the schools’ customary practices such as the missions, visions and ways of operations that determine the institutional performances (Evans, 2012). The business realm is no exception. It is, for instance, based on capital generation and profit making as the cultural basis. Those who venture into the business field, therefore, have to put up with the traditions. In addition, there are

History What if Phase 5 IP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History What if Phase 5 IP - Essay Example The Allies and the Axis were reluctant to follow any line that risked running into the antagonism of the other for fear of alienating their ally and therefore endangering one of the precepts of their distant policies. In an epoch of growing international anxiety and doubt, the Germany remained one of the few relatively sure supports upon which they could depend on (Adams, 2007). Certainly, in the formulation and conduct of international war policy the significance attached to the views and position of the other was considerable, indeed the contacts and discussions between them were often decisive. The history of the World War II suggests that the greatest impact this war had in African and Asian countries through the processes of decolonization and modernization coming to these geographical regions (McGowen, 2002). In spite of great evils caused by the war, many developing countries became independent immediately after the end of the war, but the war changed the national consciousness and self-determination of the nations. For either to be successful the co-operation of their partner was considered imperative.

Creating and marketing a new product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Creating and marketing a new product - Essay Example In relation to the present trend of this respective business industry, it can be viewed that customers are highly inclined towards buying handmade soft toys including souvenir items and stuffed animals among others for different purposes (Toy Industry Association Inc, 2012). In this regard, the primary purpose of this essay is to create an effective marketing plan for new product i.e. handmade soft toys, which could be legally sold in the UK business market. 2. Marketing Strategy 2.1 Market Entry Strategy An effective market entry strategy typically involves various strategic decisions in relation to various influencing factors of host country. The organizations in the present competitive business world tend to incorporate adequate measures while seeking to expand their business units into different overseas business markets (Kotler, 2001). In order to attain a large consumer base in the growing handcrafted or handmade soft toy industry, the initial stage of the play will be focused on analysing the present trends along with the demands of the consumers towards the respective industry. In this regard, an effective consumer analysis will be conducted, which in turn can enable the organization in identifying the desired needs along with the preferences of the target customer group in the market. The product will be marketed under the flagship of Toys R Us, one of the leading toy retailers which currently operate more than 1500 retail toy stores across different business locations of the world (The Toys R Us, 2013). Marketing of handcrafted or handmade soft toys under the flagship of Toys R Us would enable to attract huge figure of customers across the growing UK market. Additionally, the admired brand image and enhanced customer reliability can be duly considered as effective strengths for the proposed product, which can grasp the attention of the consumers in the long-run. 2.2. Target Market and Segmentation Strategy Targeting along with segmenting appropriate g roup of customers can be regarded as an effective strategy, which can facilitate the marketers to attain superior competitive position in any business field. Moreover, the marketers in the present competitive business environment are highly focused on targeting a particular customer segment in order to build a strong brand image in any respective industry (Goi, 2009). In this regard, the target market and segmentation strategy relating to the product of handmade soft toys will be focused on differentiating consumers into two broad segments. First segment would be targeting the children within the age group of 2 to 6 years in the form of delivering handmade soft toys to them and second segment will be targeting young adults through presenting handmade showpieces. This can further enable the organisation to obtain more customers in the UK market. 2.3 Marketing Mix Strategy 2.3.1 Product Product can be regarded as one of the core attributes for an organization, which depicts the image of the company and also ensures to predict its future growth in any respective industry and/or market (Kotler, 2001). In relation to the proposed marketing plan for handcrafted or handmade soft toys, the product would be focused on collecting exceptional soft toys and stuffed animals that are made from quality based materials and textiles in a fully furnish process. 2.3.2 Price The pricing strategy of a new product can be further considered as an essential factor, which can enable an organization to

Business ethics

Business ethics Introduction Business ethics is a well-institutionalized academic field, which deals with the moral dimension of business activity. In the context of international business, it means the treating of moral questions of international cultures and countries. International business should be sensitive to the environment and not just selfish for its own profits. Ethically, safety comes first and the profit comes last. The various issues that ethics target are diverse environmental concerns, animal welfare issues, labor practices, fair trade, health concerns, genetic modification, patenting of genes, cloning etc. International business is both more exposed to a variety of ethical conditions as well as in a position to exploit business ethics due to the sheer size an international company has. The end result of an ethical judgment entails its authenticity from being morally correct. But moral correction itself is a relative concept and is based upon the cultural perceptions as well as traditions. The in ternational market and business arena can be ethically segmented into thedie hard, thedont cares, and the various groups in between. Companies all around the world are coming under scrutiny from governments, shareholders, customers, trade unions, human-rights groups, and others to prove that their activities are conducted in ethical ways. Findings 2.1. Ethical dilemmas 2.1.1. Decision making Ethic, which is a managerial dilemmas to organization profits, this conflicts between economic activities and its social performance. The economic performances are measured by the organization benefits, revenue and the social performance are measured by the organizations obligation to people. Besides of attempting maximize businesss profits, all companies and organisations should solve these dilemmas in a case-to-case basis, due to the fact that there is not any general prescription , managers prediposetions are towards certain choices because of their own levels of moral development. The definitions of what isright according to the organization in which they work the informal cultural preferences and sanctions, and the pressures of the immediate situation. Acting without reflecting on these conditions could produce potentially unexpectedly results. But this is not easy because managers are subjectively involved in the situations themselves. In most ethical dilemmas that businesses face to, they may have choices to perform. Furthermore, they should compare each choices to the part of moral stage. These choice should be reflected organizational values and beliefs. Government, through laws and regulation, may help establish the meaning of ethics. However, an effective solution to the dilemma must contain a mechanism in which ethical considerations become a central part of operations. A key component in ensuring ethical performance by modem corporations is the integration of moral reasoning throughout the organization. 2.1.2. Ethical frameworks 2.2. Profitability 2.2.1. Priority for businesss profits The wordssocial responsibility may be famous among some companies but may be unimportant to others. if a company aims to maximize profit in the long run, the company has to recognize some social obligations such as being socially responsible, which may increase their cost. An activist approach should be implemented by protecting the welfare of society, preserving the environment and contributing positively as a socially responsible institution. Furthermore, most businesses in todays world are stressing on the importance of being ethically responsible and maximizing profit is not the main priority. One view of social responsibility suggests that economic responsibilities are of the greatest magnitude in an organization. This view is in relation to the classical or purely economic view. Firstly, economic responsibilities are to manufacture goods and services to be sold at a revenue and being compliant to societal commandment and regulations. As explained, the classical view states the primary priority of maximizing profit for an organization as long as it constitutes to the minimum requirement of the economic and legal responsibilities. The meaning of economic responsibilities is similar as classical view as both stresses on profit making compared to upholding social services and producing social goods for the comfort of the society. Even the founder of Atlanta business community perceives that the economic responsibility was to make a profit (Joyner and Payne, 2002: pp. 9). Although socioeconomic view also stresses on the maximization of profit, but this aim is regarded, as th e second priority and not the first, like classical view. Consequently, it can be seen that the classical or purely economic view suggests that economic responsibilities are of the greatest magnitude in an organization as its main priority is profit maximization, which is the main economic responsibility. A company, which only has profit maximization as primary priority from classical view may as well suffer through legal approaches if they do not constitute to protecting the welfare and environment. 2.2.2. Organizational obligation Companies are supposed to have, an increased awareness of its role in the society, as they have the force in the modern globalize environment and hence they have the obligation to contribute in order to improve the society in which they live too. In addition, managers in highly visible positions in the organization should try to be ethical, because they have the power to play a key role in transmitting and diffusing codes of ethics.Indeed, acting ethically may make the difference between survival and closure of an organization. 2.2.3. Reputation reward In todays competitive environment, any adverse impact on the companys image can lead to a significantly decline in its competitive position. The rewards to organizations and managers supporting ethical cultures include increased efficiency in daily operations. Management of ethical and legal risks is not merely about conforming to rules and regulations, but in that way managers can protect the companys image and their reputation. In facts, company regularly pays attention to its ethics, which is the image that could portray a strong positive to the public. People relize the organizations as valuing people more than profit, as striving to operate with the utmost of integrity and honor. Customer nowadays have paid more attentions to ethical businesses. As customers being more ethical conscious and social responsible, they recognize more value to companies that act in a moral way and reward managers that operate those organizations. The inner benefit of virtue and the prudent to be ethical is an important motive for managers to act that way. 2.3. The possibility to balance ethics and profits The issue of effectively integrating ethics into business decision making is a major area of debate confronting todays corporate leaders. Persistent media reports of unethical behavior by corporations, business executives, and governmental officials highlight the need for effective solutions to the ethics dilemma. The ethics dilemma derives from the perceived conflict between the traditional corporate objective of profit maximization and the overall desire for increased social welfare. Although ethically responsible business practices are generally desired, opinions about what these practices are and how they should be encouraged are diverse. The complexity of the current business environment complicates the development and implementation of resolutions to ethical issues facing industry. after a company tries to maximize profit, could bring the company down in the future. Coelho, McClure and Spry (2003) state,If logging an area enhances short-run profits, managerial income may be increased. However, the downside is the potential litigation that will reduce the firms wealth not to mention the additional moral hazard if the damage that is caused is potentially greater than the wealth of the firm. This shows no matter how much earnings a company may be maximized; its consequences for not being socially and ethically responsible would cause a bigger problem from the company in the future. 2.3.1. Examples of ethical and unethical organizations NIKE Nike is known as one of the leading shoes manufactures in the worlds. It has large number of factories STARBUCKS Starbucks has won a number of ethics awards and has been recognized as a role model of social responsibility. The companys first priority is taking care of the employees in its retail stores who communicate with and serve customers. Starbucks managers believe that by taking care of these employees, the company can provide long-term value to shareholders 2.3.2. Possibility to intergrate ethics to doing business In this world, people all understand not all things is right according by law, is ethical too. In doing business, leaders should focus on the organizations responsibilities rather than the rights. To begin with, organizations must consider and accept broader criteria for measuring the its performance and social role than those required by law and the market place. Many times companies may not need to apply the law or the moral code of the organization, because either those are insufficient to solve the specific problem or by implementing the law may lead to actions that are not ethical enough. Doing business must take define stands on issues of public concern and advocate ethical norms for the organization, the industry, and business in general. Ethical issue is the effective way to create and maintain a productive and ethical culture within the organization. An ethical management climate contributes to profits by reducing the cost of business transactions, establishing trust for doing business. Business ethics are considered in many businesses as a source of increased profits and competitive advantage. Moreover, ethical businesses help the bottom line by improving competitive advantage through improved performance and fewer negative events that damage corporate reputation. An ethical climate builds a strong competitive position that has been shown to positively affect business performance and innovativeness. Customers are likely to switch to brands associated with companies that have a good ethics reputation, if price and quality were equal. On the other hand, unethical behavior could trigger disloyalty and a switch to a competitors brand.As consumers are responding to ethically concerned businesses, being ethical can be ex tremely profitable. a business with high moral and ethical responsibilities will obliquely attract the attention of consumers, producers, suppliers even employees and this enhances its reputation as a socially responsible company. Then, being ethical and protecting the society and welfare will secure the business lots of money in terms of less fines and litigation. The company would even be safe from publicity of its appalling movements towards the society, especially with the high technology advancement today. With good status, the company would be assured of a good prospect in the future. Hence, businesses and companies should practice the socioeconomic view as they can implement both protection and preservation of welfare and environment, and, maximize profit in the long run, rather than merely maximizing profit as long as it constitutes to the legal requirements. There are many organizations in the world have created successfully ethical climate Conclusion To conclude with, some economists support that the ethics coexist with the enterprising practice and that the social responsibility of an enterprise is to provide products and services in a profitable and moral way, and overcame the problems of fraud, existence of monopolies, big rally of economic force in the hands of few, poor and the wastefulness of natural resources as well.In the frames of this new environment, the businessman beyond his traditional activities acquired also two new; he takes into consideration in each decision the wider economic and social consequences that arise from his actions, and collaborates with the government in the application of public policy. In that way not only the whole economy is improving with positive results for the manager and the enterprise, but also has been achieved resolution of such socio-economic problems, that if they were left unverifiable would give the stimulus for bigger requirements of interventions in the operation of enterprises. In addition, the social sensitivity is essential, because if problems, such as the pollution of environment or the reduction of raw material, were not be faced directly, then in some years the society will be led to socio-economic and environmental destruction, so manager and the enterprises will collapse. Besides, there is no point to say whether are applied or not egoistic practices, but whether a manager recognizes and achieves his obligations, as they have been extended to include also the application of moral rules. Recommendation References bibliography

Iranian Education Essay -- Iran Middle East

Iranian Education: From Modernization to Traditionalism An education system, because of its purpose as the shaper of the future, is a good indicator of what is going on within a country politically and culturally. The history of the Iranian education system showed change as the ideological values of the country shifted with each new regime change in the mid twentieth century. Iran, as a country, went from a country focused on modernization and secularization under the Reza Shah, to a country focused on traditional Islamic values under the new government established after the Islamic Revolution of 1977-791. These changes shifted the very purpose of education, its impact on women (in arguably negative or positive ways), and its literature. The shift in political focus from modernism to religious traditionalism can also be seen in how religion is taught in Iran, especially compared with different countries around the world. The history of the Iranian education system from 1907-1977 is one that is filled with problems. In 1907, Iran established a Ministry of Science and Art to control all areas of education, even religious education. In 1910, this ministry was reorganized and renamed the Ministry of Education, and given more power to set laws and guidelines for education, religious and secular. This body was not necessarily effective in setting new guidelines for Iranian schools. The main problem was overcoming was the lack of qualified, quality teachers (Szyliowicz 176- 7). After 1925, the Shah2 built many new schools and tried to revitalize the educational system. This effort was hampered again, by lack of qualified teachers (Szyliowicz 231), a lack of coherent ideology (Szyliowicz 232), and a program of edu... ...ern Iran. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1992. Rivard, Jean-Franà §ois and Massimo Amadio. â€Å"Teaching Time Allocated to Religious Education in Official Timetables.† Prospects 33 (2003): 211-217. Shavarini, Mitra K. â€Å"Misconceptions about Islam and Women’s Education: Lessons learned from the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI).† International Education. 33.1 (Fall 2003): 40(11). Gender Watch. Proquest. Univ Mass Amherst. 10 Feb 2006. . Szyliowicz, Joseph S. Education and Modernization in the Middle East. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1973. UNESCO. Integration of Technology and Vocational Education into Special Needs Education. Austria, Colombia, Iran, Tunisia. Geneva: Imprimeries Popularies, 1977. Zia, Rukhsana. â€Å"Religion Education in Pakistan: An Overview.† Prospects. 22 (2003): 165-178.